José Rodrigues

José Rodrigues was the, son of Apolinário José de Carvalho and Maria Leonarda. He was baptised in São João da Praça, Lisbon, on 21 September 1828. His godfather was also José Rodrigues.

Rodrigues had five brothers and lived at the "Rua dos Bacalhoeiros" in Lisbon. He married José Maria Rodrigues, daughter of José Rodrigues da Rocha, in 1863 and had three children named António Ribeiro, Teresa de Jesus and Leonor Matilde.

Prior to joining the Academy of Fine Arts at San Francisco Convent as a volunteer student in 1841, he left an engraving dated 1840. In 1842, he won a prize in a drawing competition. The prize was a copy of a bas-relief. From that time on, an engraving signed and dated by José Rodrigues is there.

In 1843, during an exhibition of works by students, he presented a drawing in bas-relief. In that year, the following received an award: Miguel Ângelo Lupi, Angelino da Cruz Castro e Silva, António José Lopes Júnior and Ernesto Gerard.

In 1845/1846, he entered higher education studying historical painting and won an award. In December 1846, he received another award for a life-model drawing.

Rodrigues' classmates included João Pedro Monteiro (Monteirinho), Francisco Augusto Metrass, Tomás da Anunciação, Joaquim Pedro de Sousa, and António José Patrício.

At the triennial exhibition of 1849, he was awarded a gold medal by Queen Dona Maria II.

At its conference in August 1849, the Academy of Fine Arts awarded José Rodrigues with a gold medal for his painting "Aparição do Anjo S. Gabriel ao profeta Daniel".[1]

At an exhibition, promoted by the Portuguese Industrial Association, José Rodrigues received the Silver Medal with honours.

In 1865, he was nominated "Academic of Merit" at the Academy of Fine Arts' General Conference.

On 16 November 1882 the artist entered into an agreement with the City Council of Lisbon for the production of two paintings for the Council's main Meeting Chamber. In the contract, José Rodrigues committed to create two real-life and full-body paintings, of Alexandre Herculano (1810–1877) and Manuel Fernandes Tomás (1771–1822). The contract was signed by the presiding Chairman of the Council, José Gregório da Rosa Araujo and by the artist. The paintings reside in the "Meeting Chamber" of the City Council.[2]

Throughout his life, he was forced to paint portraits in order to survive; which drove him to melancholy and illness. He gave classes at the Irish-owned Monastery of Bom-Sucesso and at S. José das Dominicanas de S. Domingos de Benfica, amongst others.

The artist died at his home in Rua dos Bacalhoeiros, Lisbon, on 19 October 1887.

According to José Augusto França, the artist dedicated himself to the painting of customs, within a sphere of sentimental realism and found his work hindered by a difficulty in separating sentimentalism from realism.[3]

The works of José Rodrigues and his contemporaries are studied within the subject of 19th Century Art (The Romantic Movement) at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Oporto.[4]

• 
  Mancha cliffs0
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  Oriental scene l
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  Self Portrait (with cape and hat)
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  The King D. Luís (1866).
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  Self Portrait (at nineteen)

• Monograph "José Rodrigues, pintor português" by Júlio de Castilho (1909)
• Armando de Lucena "Pintores Portugueses do Romantismo"
• Painting gallery of the Palácio Nacional da Ajuda (catalogue, 1869) and 1.ª Exhibition of retrospective art – 1880 a 1933 (catalogue, 1937)
• Four Romantic Painters (colecção Museum, 1ª série, nº 6 de 1949 – edited by Museu Nacional de Arte Contemporânea)
• O Traço e a Cor (Drawings and watercolours from José Malhoa Museum) – edited for the Museum by the Portuguese Patrimony Cultural Institute in 1988)
• Olisipo (Bulletin from group of "Amigos de Lisboa") – (Year XX, nº 78 of April, 1957)
• D. Fernando II – A German Mecenas, Regent of Portugal (Marion Ehrhardt, edited by – Livraria Estante Editora em 1989 ? )
• Os Paços do Concelho – Lisboa (edited by Lisboa Municipally with Salette Simões Salvado text, 1982)
• History of Art in Portugal (neoclassic's and romanticism) – (Publicações Alfa with Regina Anacleto text, 1986)

• José Rodrigues Biography
• Virtual visit to Portuguese Parliament(Senate chamber)
• City Council (Lisboa Municipally)
• Portrait´s serving history
• Chiado Museum
• Five Artists in Sintra (Chiado Museum)

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