José Barrionuevo

José Barrionuevo (born 13 March 1942) is a Spanish politician. He was the minister of interior from 1982 to 1988. He was jailed from 1998 to 2001 due to his involvement in a dirty war against ETA members.

José Barrionuevo
Barrionuevo in March 1986
Minister of Interior
In office
3 December 1982 – 12 July 1988
Prime MinisterFelipe González
Preceded byJuan José Rosón
Succeeded byJosé Luis Corcuera
Personal details
Born (1942-03-13) 13 March 1942
Berja, Spain
Political partySocialist Workers' Party

Early life and education

Barrionuevo was born in Berja near Almería in 1942.[1] He obtained bachelor degrees in law and journalism.[2]

Career and activities

Barrionuevo was a member of the pro-Franco student union where he likely met Rodolfo Martín Villa, then interior minister.[3] Barrionuevo became a member of the Socialist Workers' Party.[4] He served as deputy mayor of Madrid and was in charge of the municipal police.[3]

Barrionuevo was a member of the Parliament representing Madrid for four terms in the legislatures of III, IV, V, and VI.[2] He was appointed interior minister on 3 December 1982 in the first government of Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez.[5] He succeeded Juan José Rosón in the post.[3] It was Rosón who advised Gonzalez to appoint Barrionuevo as interior minister.[3]

Barrionuevo followed the security policies set by his predecessor.[6] However, in early 1983 he and other security officials created a new operational strategy known as Plan Zona Especial Norte (Spanish: Plan ZEN, Plan Special Zone North) to reduce and eliminate the effects of the separatist group ETA in the Basque region.[6] Two former interior ministers, namely Rodolfo Martín Villa and Juan José Rosón, also involved in the development of the plan.[6] In addition, Barrionuevo consolidated the police forces forming a security secretariat.[6]

He was in office until 12 July 1988 when José Luis Corcuera replaced him as interior minister in a cabinet reshuffle.[7] Barrionuevo became the minister of transport, tourism and communications in the same reshuffle.[7] Barrionuevo was among the classical social democrats like José Maravall, Javier Solana and Joaquín Almunia who served as a minority group in the cabinets led by Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez.[4]

Controversy

Barrionuevo was unpopular during his tenure as interior minister due to his harsh and violent policies against Basque separatists.[8] In May 1994, newly appointed interior minister Juan Alberto Belloch, who was also justice minister in the cabinet of Felipe González, began to reorganize the ministry of interior.[9] A network, later called GAL (Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación), was discovered as a result of his efforts.[9] Unnamed "authorities" subsequently identified the GAL as "a front for security forces and hired assassins paid with secret government funds."[10]

In addition, on 16 December 1994, two policemen met Judge Baltasar Garzón and told him that Barrionuevo and other senior officials had links to a dirty war against separatists.[11] Based on these statements Barrionuevo and other former security officials were tried in 1996 and "accused of funding and directing more than two dozen murders" of separatists during the 1980s.[12]

On 24 January 1996, he and his former deputy Rafael Vera were found guilty and sentenced to ten years in prison on charges of their involvement in a "dirty war" against ETA.[13][14][15] They were imprisoned on 29 July 1998.[13][15][16] Therefore, their memberships to the GAL was legally established.[10] However, they have denied the charges,[16] but in 2022 admitted to having ordered the release of Segundo Marey, kidnapped by GAL police operatives under his command.[17]

Barrionuevo and Vera were accompanied and hugged by González on their way to prison, where they served a three-month term.[18] They were pardoned in 2001.[19] In September 2001 Barrionuevo was again tried for his misuse of the public funds which occurred in 1993.[19][20] José Luis Corcuera, who succeeded him as interior minister, was also tried with him.[19] Both were found innocent of embezzlement charges in January 2002.[21]

Personal life

Barrionuevo is married and has three children.[2]

References
  1. Marta Del Riego (10 August 2010). "Barrionuevo, dos metros bajo tierra". Vanity Fair (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  2. "Barrionuevo Peña, José" (in Spanish). Congress of Deputies. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  3. Paddy Woodworth (2001). Dirty War, Clean Hands: ETA, the GAL and Spanish Democracy. Cork: Cork University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-85918-276-5.
  4. Richard Gillespie (1992). "Factionalism in the Spanish Socialist Party" (PDF). ICPS (59).
  5. "Spanish Ex-Aide Indicted in Killing of Basques". The New York Times. 25 January 1996. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  6. Michiel de Jong (2016). "Spanish Security Forces, Anti-terrorism and the Internal and External Security of Spain, 1959–1992". In R. Beeres; et al. (eds.). NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2016. Nl Arms. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. pp. 325–349. doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-135-7_17. ISBN 978-94-6265-135-7.
  7. "Gonzalez names new cabinet". Associated Press. 9 July 1988. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
  8. Edward Schumacher (27 July 1986). "Changes are few as Spain swears in cabinet". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  9. José María Magone (2009). Contemporary Spanish Politics. London; New York: Routledge. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-415-42188-1.
  10. "Spanish ex-minister sentenced for 'dirty war' role". CNN. Madrid. 29 July 1998. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  11. José María Maravall; Adam Przeworski (2003). Democracy and the Rule of Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 288. ISBN 9780521532662.
  12. "End of an Era". Time. 25 January 1996. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  13. "Ex-minister jailed in 'dirty war' scandal". BBC. 29 July 1998. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  14. "Spanish Premier Reported Clear in Basque Deaths". The New York Times. 26 April 1996. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  15. "Chronology for Basques in Spain". MAR Data. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  16. "'Dirty-war' ex-minister to be denied pardon". Expatica. Madrid. 17 November 2004. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  17. "José Barrionuevo reconoce que dio la orden de liberar a Segundo Marey". www.publico.es. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  18. Alexis Romero; et al. (9 August 2019). "Políticos condenados por su relación con el GAL pasaron menos tiempo en la cárcel que los jóvenes de Altsasu". Publico (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  19. Giles Tremlett (20 September 2001). "Spanish ex-ministers on trial for hush fundscandal". The Guardian. Madrid. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  20. Fernando Jiménez (1998). "Political scandals and political responsibility in democratic Spain". West European Politics. 21 (4): 97. doi:10.1080/01402389808425272.
  21. Ciaran Giles (22 January 2002). "Court absolves former Socialist security ministers of embezzlement charges, finds five officials guilty". AP Worldstream. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2013. – via Highbeam (subscription required)
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