Pep Guardiola

Born in Santpedor, Barcelona, Catalonia, Guardiola joined La Masia at age 13 from Gimnàstic de Manresa and rose through the ranks of Barcelona's youth academy for six years, making his debut in 1990 against Cádiz.[10] As Phil Ball writes in Morbo,

In his first week at the club, Johan Cruyff turned up unannounced at the Mini Estadi, a venue just down the road from Camp Nou used by Barcelona B. Just before half-time he wandered into the dug-out and asked Charly Rexach, the youth team manager at the time, the name of the young lad playing on the right side of midfield. "Guardiola – good lad," came the reply. Cruyff ignored the comment and told Rexach to move him into the middle for the second half, to play as pivot. It was a difficult position to adapt to and one not used by many teams in Spain at the time. Guardiola adjusted immediately, as Cruyff had suspected he would, and when he moved to the first-team in 1990, he became the pivot of the Dream Team.[11]

21-year-old Guardiola (right), pictured with FC Barcelona teammates Guillermo Amor, Albert Ferrer, and club vice-president Josep Mussons, in 1992

Cruyff used Guardiola in the absence of the suspended Guillermo Amor.[12] He became a first-team regular in the 1991–92 season, and at only 20 years old was a key component of a side that won La Liga and the European Cup.[13] The Italian magazine Guerin Sportivo heralded Guardiola as the finest player in the world under the age of 21.[14] Cruyff's "Dream Team" went on to retain La Liga title in the 1992–93 and 1993–94 seasons. The side was strengthened by the recent signing of Romário, and again reached the 1994 UEFA Champions League final, but were beaten 4–0 by Fabio Capello's AC Milan side in Athens. Cruyff left in 1996, with Barcelona finishing fourth in the 1994–95 season and third in the 1995–96 season, but Guardiola retained his position at the centre of Barcelona's midfield.

In the 1996–97 season, Barcelona, this time led by Bobby Robson, won three cups: the Copa del Rey, the Supercopa de España, and the European Cup Winners' Cup. Much of the Dream Team had by this time left, with new signings such as Luís Figo and Ronaldo taking over from Hristo Stoichkov and Michael Laudrup. In 1997, Guardiola was named as Barcelona captain under new manager Louis van Gaal, but a calf muscle injury ruled Guardiola out of most of the 1997–98 season, in which Barcelona won a league and cup double. At the end of the season, Barcelona rejected offers from Roma and Parma (of around 300 million pesetas) for Guardiola. After prolonged and complicated contract talks, he signed a new contract with Barcelona that extended his stay until 2001.

Guardiola returned to action the following season and Barcelona once again won La Liga, thanks largely to the performances of Rivaldo and Luís Figo. On 8 June 1998, Guardiola underwent surgery to try to resolve his lingering calf injury, which had caused him to miss the 1998 FIFA World Cup for Spain. A largely disappointing 1999–2000 season again ended in surgery, with Guardiola missing the last three months of the season with a serious ankle injury. Barcelona did not win any silverware during the 2000–01 season, and finished fourth place in La Liga; nonetheless they qualified for the Champions League.

On 11 April 2001, Barcelona's captain announced his intention to leave the club after 17 years of service. He stated that it was a personal decision and, in part, a response to what he perceived as football heading in a new, more physical, direction. On 24 June 2001, Guardiola played his last match with Barcelona in the final game of the season against Celta de Vigo.[15] Guardiola played 479 games in 12 seasons for the first team, winning 16 trophies. At the press conference after the Celta game, he said, "It's been a long journey. I'm happy, proud, happy with the way people treated me and I have made many friends. I cannot ask for more. I have had many years in the elite. I did not come to make history but to make my own history." A number of future Barcelona midfielders, including Xavi, Andrés Iniesta and Cesc Fàbregas, have hailed Guardiola as their role model and hero.[16]

After leaving Barcelona in 2001 at age 30, Guardiola joined Serie A side Brescia as Andrea Pirlo's replacement in the deep-lying playmaker role, where he played alongside Roberto Baggio under manager Carlo Mazzone.[17] Following his stint at Brescia, Guardiola transferred to Roma. His time in Italy, however, was unsuccessful and included a four-month ban for testing positive for nandrolone. Six years later, on 23 October 2007, Guardiola was cleared on appeal of all charges related to the ban.[18] CONI, however, reopened the case against the player because it considered the absolution unacceptable,[19] but he was cleared once again on 29 September 2009.[20]

After his career with Brescia and Roma, in 2003, Guardiola decided to play in Qatar with Al-Ahli from Doha in the Qatar Stars League, where many fellow greats were playing, such as Gabriel Batistuta. He became a regular in the Qatar Stars League, where he was often cited as one of the best players in the League. He also participated in the 2004–05 Arab Champions League with the club, and in the first leg of the competition's first round, Guardiola missed a penalty in the 19th minute, hitting the crossbar, but then converted one in the 73rd minute.[21] In 2005–06, he turned down offers from a number of European clubs, as he felt his playing career was coming to a close.[22]

In 2006, Juan Manuel Lillo was appointed the manager of Mexican club Dorados de Sinaloa. Lillo recruited Guardiola to play for the club while he was in managing school in Axocopán, Atlixco, Puebla. Guardiola played with Dorados de Sinaloa for six months, but was limited to ten appearances due to injuries before retiring. He scored one goal for the club.[23]

Guardiola made his senior debut on 14 October 1992 in a 0–0 draw with Northern Ireland at Windsor Park in a World Cup qualifier. In the same year, Guardiola captained Spain when they won a gold medal at the Barcelona Olympic Games. It was in this year when he won the Bravo Award, which recognises the world's best player under the age of 21. Between 1992 and 2001, Guardiola played over 47 times and scored five goals for the senior Spain team. He was a member of the Spanish team during the 1994 World Cup, where they reached the quarter-finals, losing 2–1 to Italy. He fell out of favour with Javier Clemente, Spain's manager, due to disagreements and missed out on Euro 1996. He suffered a career-threatening injury in 1998, which kept him out of the 1998 World Cup, but he later played at Euro 2000, where he led Spain to yet another quarter-final, this time losing to France by the same margin, 2–1. He led the Spanish midfield until his final appearance on 14 November 2001, in a 1–0 win in a friendly against Mexico; he scored his last international goal against Sweden in a 1–1 draw during his 45th appearance.[1][24]

Guardiola has played for and advocated on behalf of the Catalonia football team. Between 1995 and 2005, he played seven friendly games for Catalonia.[25]

Guardiola was a highly creative, hard-working, nimble, and elegant player, with good anticipation, tactical awareness, and an ability to read the game; throughout his career, he was usually deployed as either a central or defensive midfielder in front of his team's back-line,[26][27][28] although he was also capable of playing in more attacking midfield roles.[29] Although he was competent defensively and able to press opponents to break up play and win the ball effectively through his team-work and defensive positioning,[29][30][31] he also had a tendency to give away many fouls; as such, and also in part due to his slender physical build, he usually functioned as a deep-lying playmaker in front of the defence, where he excelled courtesy of his technical ability and intelligent, efficient, precise passing game.[27][29][32][33] Despite his lack of notable pace, dribbling ability, aerial prowess, or strong physical or athletic attributes, Guardiola was highly regarded throughout his career for his vision, close control, passing range, positional sense, and calm composure on the ball, as well as his speed of thought,[29][34] which enabled him to retain possession under pressure and either set the tempo of his team's play in midfield with quick and intricate short first-time exchanges,[29][35][36] or switch the play or create chances with longer passes.[29][36][37][38][39] His role has also been likened to that of a metodista ("centre-half," in Italian football jargon), due to his ability to dictate play in midfield as well as assist his team defensively.[40]

Guardiola was capable of being an offensive threat, due to his ability to make attacking runs[41] or strike accurately from distance; he was also effective at creating chances or shooting on goal from set-pieces. Having served as captain of both Barcelona and the Spanish national side, he also stood out for his leadership throughout his career.[42][43] Despite his playing ability, however, he was also known to be injury prone throughout his career.[29]

Guardiola's playing style, which relied on creativity, technique and ball movement, rather than physicality and pace, inspired several future diminutive Spanish playmaking midfielders, such as Xavi,[44][45] Andrés Iniesta,[46] and Cesc Fàbregas, with the latter describing him as his "idol".[47] Pirlo instead described Guardiola as the "model" for the position which he himself occupied deep in midfield.[45] Former Barcelona president Joan Laporta once described Guardiola as "the best central midfielder in our history."[48] Johan Cruyff considered him to be one of the best midfielders of his generation,[49] a view echoed by Richard Jolly of FourFourTwo and Marco Frattino, the latter of whom stated in 2018: "Twenty years ago, [...] Pep Guardiola was one of the best midfielders in the world."[50][51] In 2001, his agent Josè Maria Orobitg described him as the best in the world at dictating the tempo and rhythm of his team's play.[36]

Miguel Val of Marca considered Guardiola to be one of the greatest Spanish players of all time, describing him as the "brains of Barcelona's Dream Team under Johan Cruyff" in 2020.[52] Federico Aquè described him as one of the best deep-lying playmakers in European football in his prime,[29] while Lee Bushe of 90min.com even included him in his list of "The Best Deep-Lying Playmakers of All Time" in 2020.[53]

Guardiola coaching Barcelona B

Guardiola was appointed manager of Barcelona B on 21 June 2007 with Tito Vilanova as his assistant. Under his guidance, the team subsequently won their Tercera División group and qualified for the 2008 Segunda División B playoffs, which the team won, thereby achieving promotion.[54] FC Barcelona President Joan Laporta announced in May 2008 that Guardiola would be appointed manager of the senior Barcelona squad to replace Frank Rijkaard at the end of the 2007–08 season.[55] According to a 2013 biography of Michael Laudrup, he and not Guardiola was Laporta's first choice.[56]

Guardiola managing Barcelona

Upon being appointed, Guardiola said that Ronaldinho, Deco, Samuel Eto'o and others were not part of his plans for the coming season.[57] By the time of the announcement, he had already offloaded full back Gianluca Zambrotta to Milan, attacking midfielder Giovani dos Santos to Tottenham Hotspur and midfielder Edmílson to Villarreal.[58] Deco went to Chelsea while Ronaldinho joined Zambrotta in Milan. Lilian Thuram was initially set to join Paris Saint-Germain on a free transfer, but the discovery of a heart condition put a stop to the move, and the veteran retired to tend to his health. Oleguer signed with Ajax, Santiago Ezquerro was released by Barcelona and Marc Crosas was sold to Celtic. The fate of Eto'o took much of the summer to unravel, with the Cameroonian linked with several clubs, but Guardiola finally declared that he would stay after his dedication in training and participation in the pre-season.

In association with Barcelona Director of Sport Txiki Begiristain, several new signings were made by Guardiola – Dani Alves and Seydou Keita arrived from Sevilla; Martín Cáceres from Villarreal by way of Recreativo de Huelva; Gerard Piqué returned from Manchester United; and Alexander Hleb was signed from Arsenal. Henrique was also signed from Palmeiras, but was immediately loaned out to Bayer Leverkusen.[59] In interviews with the press, Guardiola stressed a harder work ethic than before, but also a more personal approach during training and a closer relationship with his players. Along with the new signings, Guardiola promoted canteranos Sergio Busquets, Pedro and Jeffrén to the first-team squad.

Guardiola's first competitive game as manager was in the third qualifying round of the Champions League, in which Barcelona comfortably beat Polish club Wisła Kraków 4–0 in the first leg at home. They then lost 1–0 in the second leg, but progressed with a 4–1 aggregate victory. Promoted Numancia also defeated Barcelona in the opening matchday of the 2008–09 La Liga,[60] but the team then went on an undefeated streak for over 20 matches to move to the top of the league. Barcelona maintained their spot atop La Liga's table, securing their first league title since 2006 when rivals Real Madrid lost at Villarreal on 16 May 2009. The most important match, however, was on 2 May when they defeated Real Madrid 6–2 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. The league title was the second piece of silverware in Guardiola's first season at the club. Earlier, on 13 May, Barcelona won the 2008–09 Copa del Rey, beating Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey final.

In the Champions League semi-final against Chelsea, a late Andrés Iniesta goal in the second leg at Stamford Bridge put Barcelona through, with an ecstatic Guardiola celebrating the goal by sprinting down the touchline near to where his players were celebrating.[61] In the final of the Champions League, Barcelona beat Manchester United 2–0. In doing so, they became the first Spanish club to win the domestic cup, the league, and the European club titles (the treble) in the same season. The treble-winning season is regarded as one of the club's finest in its history.[62] Furthermore, he became the youngest man to manage a Champions League winning team, at age 37.[63]

Guardiola in 2010

During Guardiola's second season as manager, Barcelona swapped Samuel Eto'o and €46 million in exchange for Zlatan Ibrahimović of Inter Milan. Many players left the club in the same transfer window – Eiður Guðjohnsen was sold to Monaco; Sylvinho and Albert Jorquera's contracts ended; and other players were loaned out, including Alexander Hleb to VfB Stuttgart, Martín Cáceres to Juventus, Alberto Botía to Sporting de Gijón, and Víctor Sánchez to Xerez. Barcelona started the season defeating Athletic Bilbao in the Supercopa de España and Shakhtar Donetsk in the UEFA Super Cup. On 25 September 2009, Barcelona gave Guardiola his 50th professional victory, away against Málaga and on 19 December, they were crowned FIFA Club World Cup champions for the first time in their history.

Guardiola finished the calendar year 2009 with a record six trophies, the Spanish League, Copa del Rey, Champions League, Spanish Super Cup, European Super Cup and Club World Cup, becoming the first manager in history to do so. In January 2010, Guardiola became Barcelona's longest serving Spanish manager, overtaking the record previously held by Josep Samitier. That same month, on the 20th, he agreed to a one-year contract extension to keep him with Barcelona until the end of the 2010–11 season.[64]

In February 2010, Guardiola managed his 100th match for Barcelona's first team. His record stood at 71 wins, 19 draws and 10 losses with 242 goals for and 76 against.[65] On 10 April 2010, he became the first manager in Barcelona's history to beat Real Madrid four times in a row in El Clásico. Barcelona reached the semi-finals of the 2009–10 Champions League, but lost 3–2 on aggregate to José Mourinho's Inter Milan.[66] Despite this, they managed to win their 20th La Liga title with 99 points by beating Real Valladolid 4–0 at home.[67] At the time, this was the highest points total ever gained amongst any of Europe's major leagues.[68] The La Liga title was Guardiola's seventh trophy as manager of the club, tying Ferdinand Daučík for second behind Johan Cruyff and his 11 trophies.

On 8 June 2010, the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) fined Guardiola €15,000 following a formal inquiry opened by the Competition Committee regarding his actions and comments during and after a match against Almería on 6 March 2010.[69] Guardiola approached the fourth official with, according to the official report, malicious intent, berating the official and speaking into his microphone with phrases such as, "You are calling everything wrong." Following the match, Guardiola accused Carlos Clos Gómez and his assistant José Luis Gallego Galdino of "lying" in their match report. Barcelona were given ten days to appeal the sanction. TV replays supported Guardiola's assertions. The game ended 2–2.

Guardiola's third season in charge saw the departure of two players who had arrived last season: Dmytro Chyhrynskyi returned to Shakhtar Donetsk and Zlatan Ibrahimović joined Milan on loan. Rafael Márquez and Thierry Henry were released from their contracts and both moved to New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer (MLS); Yaya Touré also left the team and moved to English Premier League club Manchester City. Barcelona signed Adriano from Sevilla, David Villa from Valencia and Javier Mascherano from Liverpool. On 14 July 2010, Guardiola signed a new contract to stay with Barcelona until June 2011.[70]

On 21 August, Barcelona beat Sevilla 5–3 on aggregate to win the 2010 Supercopa de España, his second in a row. On 29 November 2010, Barcelona beat Real Madrid 5–0, giving Guardiola five straight wins in El Clásico. On 8 February 2011, Guardiola accepted the club's offer for a one-year deal extension, signing a contract until June 2012.[71] On 16 February, in the first leg Champions League first knockout round, Barcelona were defeated by Arsenal 2–1 at Emirates Stadium. The defeat prolonged Guardiola's record of never having won the away leg of a Champions League knockout tie. On 8 March, in the second leg of the Champions League first knockout round, Barcelona defeated Arsenal 3–1, thus winning 4–3 on aggregate, moving them into the quarter-finals.

Early April saw Barcelona move eight points clear of second-placed Real Madrid in their domestic league after a key away win against Villarreal, making the most of Real Madrid's home loss against Sporting de Gijón earlier on the same day. Barcelona managed to advance to the semi-finals of the Champions League for the fourth year – last three under Guardiola – in a row after thrashing Shakhtar Donetsk 6–1 on aggregate.

Barcelona continued their La Liga crusade for the second El Clásico in the Santiago Bernabéu, which ended 1–1. Lionel Messi scored for his team from the penalty spot after Raúl Albiol was sent off. Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo later replied from the penalty spot in the 80th minute of the match. Guardiola suffered his first final defeat during the Copa del Rey final against Real Madrid. Cristiano Ronaldo scored the only goal in the 103rd minute of the match during extra time, giving the club its first title since 2008, as well as José Mourinho's first title for his new club. In the Champions League, however, Barcelona beat Real Madrid 2–0 at the Bernabéu in the semi-final first leg, and after a 1–1 draw at Camp Nou, they proceeded to Guardiola's second Champions League final in three years as manager for Barcelona.[72]

On 11 May 2011, Barcelona won the La Liga title and the club's third in a row after a 1–1 draw with Levante.[73][74] On 28 May, Barcelona beat Manchester United 3–1 at Wembley Stadium in the 2011 Champions League final.[75]

Guardiola's fourth season in charge started with the departure of three long-serving Barcelona players: Gabriel Milito moved back to old Argentine club Independiente, Jeffrén was sold to Sporting CP and Bojan was sold to Roma. Two high-profile signings were made: Alexis Sánchez came from Udinese for €26 million plus bonuses, and Cesc Fàbregas, a former La Masia graduate, returned from Arsenal for €29 million plus bonuses. To complete the squad, two players were promoted from the youth system: Thiago and Andreu Fontàs. The season started with a 5–4 aggregate win over Real Madrid for the Supercopa de España.[76]

Barcelona won their second trophy of the season on 26 August, beating Porto 2–0 in the 2011 UEFA Super Cup.[77] With the trophy won against Porto, he became all-time record holder of most titles won as a manager at Barcelona. He won 12 trophies in only three years.[78] November of the same year saw Guardiola manager his 200th match for Barcelona's first team. His record stood at 144 wins, 39 draws and 17 losses with 500 goals for and 143 against.[79]

Barcelona ended the 2011 calendar year winning the Club World Cup, beating Brazilian club Santos 4–0 in the final, the widest margin in an Intercontinental Cup/Club World Cup final since changing to a single match format. This was Guardiola's 13th title of only 16 tournaments played.[80] On 9 January 2012, he was named FIFA World Coach of the Year. On his 41st birthday, he led his side to a 2–1 victory over arch-rivals Real Madrid in El Clásico, ensuring that he remained unbeaten against Real Madrid in regular time as a manager. On 21 April, Guardiola conceded the league title to leaders Real Madrid after they beat Barcelona 2–1 and extended their lead in the table to seven points with four matches remaining. "We have to congratulate Madrid for their win and the title that they have also won tonight," said Guardiola, after what was his side's first loss at home all season.[81]

On 24 April, a 2–2 draw at home against Chelsea in the second leg of the Champions League semi-final knocked Barcelona out of the competition on a 2–3 aggregate score. That effectively left the team with only the Copa del Rey to play for.[82] Guardiola had faced criticism over his recent tactics and squad selections.[83] On 27 April 2012, he announced he would step down as Barcelona's manager at the end of the 2011–12 season. He had been on a rolling contract that was renewed annually during his tenure as manager. Citing tiredness as the main reason for his decision, he also commented that four years at a club like Barcelona felt like an eternity.[84]

Guardiola continued to lead Barcelona to wins in the remaining La Liga games of the season, followed by a 3–0 win in the Copa del Rey final. His record of 14 trophies in four seasons has made him the most successful manager in Barcelona's history. Barcelona announced that he would be succeeded by Tito Vilanova, who would begin leading the first team at the start of the 2012–13 season.[85]

After his time at Barcelona came to an end, Guardiola took a year's sabbatical in New York City.[86] On 7 January 2013, he came in third place for the 2012 FIFA World Coach of the Year, behind the winner Vicente del Bosque and runner-up José Mourinho.[87] While at a news conference at the 2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or gala in Zürich, Guardiola said, "I have taken a decision to return to coaching but beyond that no decision has been taken. I don't have a team to go to but I would like to go back to coaching."[88]

Guardiola managing Bayern Munich in 2013

On 16 January 2013, it was announced that Guardiola would take over as manager of Bundesliga club Bayern Munich after the 2012–13 season, replacing Jupp Heynckes for the following season.[89][90] He addressed his first press conference at Bayern, on 24 June 2013, in German,[91] and had his first training session two days later.[92] His first official match was the German Super Cup against Borussia Dortmund, with Bayern losing 4–2.[93] His first trophy with Bayern was the 2013 UEFA Super Cup, defeating longtime adversary José Mourinho, who had just returned to manage at Chelsea. Bayern beat ten-man Chelsea in a shoot-out after Manuel Neuer saved Romelu Lukaku's kick.[94]

In December 2013, Guardiola won his third Club World Cup after beating Raja Casablanca in Morocco.[95] On 25 March 2014, he led Bayern to their 23rd Bundesliga title by beating Hertha BSC 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin. With seven matches remaining in the season, it was the earliest the championship had been won in Bundesliga history, breaking the record Heynckes' Bayern had set in the previous season.[96] Guardiola broke Karl-Heinz Feldkamp's record for the longest winning streak to start his tenure at a Bundesliga club.[97] Feldkamp was undefeated in his first 14 matches with 1. FC Kaiserslautern in the 1978–79 season.[97] The streak ended at 28 when FC Augsburg defeated Bayern 1–0[98] on matchday 29.[99] The streak also ended Bayern's 53–match undefeated streak.[98]

Bayern were drawn against Real Madrid in the semi–finals of Champions League.[100] Bayern lost the first leg 1–0[101] and the second leg 4–0.[102] After the first leg, Guardiola was criticised for his tactics.[103] However, he defended them.[104] The first leg was also Guardiola's first defeat at the Santiago Bernabéu.[105] He was undefeated in his first seven matches in the stadium.[105] Guardiola took the blame for the loss.[106] Philipp Lahm, however, said: "it was a collective failure and not the fault of coach Guardiola."[106] kicker Sportmagazin "singled out" Guardiola as "the key to the crisis."[107] He finished the 2013–14 season by winning the DFB-Pokal 2–0 in extra–time.[108]

Guardiola in 2014

During pre-season, Mario Mandžukić was sold to Atlético Madrid[109] because he believed that the "playing style of coach Pep Guardiola simply does not fit him."[110] On 6 August 2014, Bayern played in the 2014 MLS All-Star Game in Portland, Oregon.[111] The all-star team was led by Timbers coach Caleb Porter.[112] The match ended with Bayern losing 2–1 to the All-Star squad.[111] Separate incidents involving "harsh challenges"[112] by Osvaldo Alonso[113] and Will Johnson[113] visibly enraged Guardiola and after the match he refused to shake Porter's hand.[112] One of the tackles injured Bastian Schweinsteiger.[113]

Bayern lost the German Super Cup 2–0 to Borussia Dortmund.[114] He had declared before the match that "every final is important, especially in Dortmund a bit more."[115] Guardiola used a 3–4–2–1 system in the match.[116] Guardiola handed 17-year-old Gianluca Gaudino his first team debut in the Super Cup and made him part of the first team permanently because of "strong preparation" during pre-season.[117] In a Champions League match, Bayern defeated Roma 7–1,[118] Bayern's biggest away win in their Champions League history.[119] Bayern's first league loss of the season came in a 4–1 defeat to VfL Wolfsburg.[120] On 11 March 2015, Bayern defeated Shakhtar Donetsk 7–0, tying their largest win in Champions League history.[121] Bayern defeated Bayer Leverkusen in a shoot–out in the quarter–finals of the DFB-Pokal.[122] On 15 April 2015, Bayern ended an 11-match undefeated streak after losing 3–1 to Porto in Portugal.[123] In Guardiola's 100th match as manager, Bayern defeated Porto 6–1.[124] With the win, Bayern reached their fourth-straight Champions League semi-final.[124] On 28 April 2015, Bayern were knocked out of the German Cup in a penalty shoot-out.[125] Bayern had missed all four of their shots.[125] In his first competitive match against Barcelona, Bayern lost 3–0.[126] Bayern failed to get a shot on target in the match.[127] For the first time in his career, he lost four in a row (including the shoot-out loss).[128]

Guardiola during a press conference in 2015

The 2015–16 season started on 1 August 2015 when Bayern lost in a shoot-out to Wolfsburg in the German Super Cup.[129] In the league, Bayern won their first ten matches.[130] The first time they dropped points in the league was on 30 October 2015 in a 0–0 scoreline against Eintracht Frankfurt[130] and their first loss in the league was on 5 December 2015 in a 3–1 scoreline to Borussia Mönchengladbach.[131] In the Champions League group stage, Bayern won Group F,[132] winning five out of the six matches.[133] Bayern's only loss in the Champions League group stage was against Arsenal on 20 October.[134] This was Bayern's first loss in all competitions during the 2015–16 season.[135]

On 20 December, Bayern confirmed that Guardiola was leaving the club after his contract expires at the end of the season, with Carlo Ancelotti his replacement for the 2016–17 season.[136][137]

On 3 May 2016, Guardiola's Bayern Munich lost to Atlético Madrid in the Champions League semi-finals stage, thereby ending his final chance of winning a Champions League title with the Bavarian club.[138] Guardiola's final match[139] was on 21 May 2016.[140] Bayern defeated Borussia Dortmund in a shootout.[139] He finished with a record of 82 wins, 11 draws, and nine losses in the Bundesliga; a record of 14 wins, three draws, and no losses in the DFB-Pokal; a record of 23 wins, five draws, and eight losses in the UEFA Champions League.[141] He also went a combined two wins, two draws, and two losses in the FIFA Club World Cup, UEFA Super Cup, and the German Super Cup.[141] In non–official competitions, he went a combined six wins, one draw, and one loss.[141]

On 1 February 2016, Manchester City signed Guardiola to a three-year contract for the start of the 2016–17 season.[142] Guardiola brought in several significant players in the summer, including midfielders İlkay Gündoğan from Borussia Dortmund and Nolito from Celta Vigo, winger Leroy Sané from Schalke 04 and defender John Stones from Everton.[143] He also controversially replaced long-serving City starting goalkeeper Joe Hart with Claudio Bravo from his former club Barcelona; after Hart failed to impress Guardiola in pre-season, he was loaned to Torino before the end of the transfer window and would never make another appearance for the club.[144]

On 13 August 2016, Guardiola earned victory in his first match of the Premier League season, as City defeated Sunderland 2–1.[145] On 11 September, Guardiola won his first Manchester derby as a manager in a 2–1 City victory at Old Trafford; this was also his sixth win against his "rival" manager José Mourinho.[146] By the end of September, Guardiola had won all of his first ten matches in charge of Manchester City and his side were top of the Premier League table with a four-point advantage over second-placed Tottenham Hotspur.[147] Although he then suffered his first defeat as City manager in a 2–0 loss to Tottenham, his side remained one point clear in the league table ahead of the international break.[148]

City's form declined following the international break; a home draw to Southampton on 23 October meant Guardiola had equalled his managerial record of going five games without a win.[149] City's poor run continued in the 2016–17 EFL Cup, as the team was eliminated following a 1–0 defeat to Manchester United. This was Guardiola's sixth match without a win in all competitions, making it the worst run of form in his managerial career.[150] Manchester City lost to Everton 0–4 on 15 January 2017; this was Guardiola's biggest-ever managerial defeat in domestic competition.[151] In Europe, City were eliminated in the Champions League round of 16 by Monaco on away goals after a 6–6 aggregate draw. The second leg of the tie was Guardiola's 100th game as a manager in European competition, and he arrived at that mark with the best record of any manager, having earned 61 wins and 23 draws (one draw better than the previous record holder, Guardiola's former manager at Barcelona, Louis van Gaal).[152]

Following the 1–2 extra time loss to Arsenal in the FA Cup semi-finals, Guardiola was confirmed to finish the season without a trophy – the first time this had occurred in his managerial career. Amid foul cries of being labelled "a fraud, a fraudiola",[153] he stated that the coaching role at City "might be his last team" as manager and surmised that not winning a trophy, of the four available to City, constituted a "failure".[154][155] However, he articulated his desire to improve the following season.[155]

Guardiola giving instructions to Nicolás Otamendi during a friendly match against Tottenham Hotspur in the 2017 International Champions Cup

Guardiola identified the defensive areas which required improvement for Manchester City in the summer transfer window to challenge for the league title, particularly in the goalkeeper and full-back positions. Due to Bravo's struggles the previous season, Ederson was brought in as the new first-choice goalkeeper. Wing-backs Benjamin Mendy and Kyle Walker were also signed, while dispensing of all the previous senior full-backs at the club in Aleksandar Kolarov, Gaël Clichy, Bacary Sagna and Pablo Zabaleta. Additionally, Bernardo Silva and Danilo were also acquired from Monaco and Real Madrid, respectively.[156]

On 25 February 2018, City won the 2017–18 EFL Cup after beating Arsenal 3–0 in the final, which was Guardiola's first trophy with the club.[157] On 15 April, City were confirmed as 2017–18 Premier League champions following Manchester United's 1–0 home defeat to West Bromwich Albion.[158] After finishing the league season with a record-breaking 100 points, Guardiola signed a new contract with City until 2021.[159][160]

During Guardiola's third season as manager, Manchester City signed Riyad Mahrez from Leicester City for a fee of £60 million.[161] On 5 August 2018, City kicked off the season with a 2–0 victory over FA Cup holders Chelsea in the 2018 FA Community Shield.[162]

On 24 February 2019, Guardiola's side played Chelsea in the EFL Cup final held at Wembley Stadium. The match ended 0–0 after extra time, and Manchester City won 4–3 on penalties to retain the trophy for the second year in a row.[163][164] On 9 April, City faced Tottenham Hotspur in the first leg of their Champions League quarter-finals, held at Tottenham's new stadium. The game ended in a 0–1 defeat for City.[165] The second leg was held at the Etihad Stadium on 17 April, where Guardiola's side beat Tottenham 4–3, with City's last-minute fifth goal having been controversially disallowed.[166] Due to the aggregate score being a 4–4 draw, Tottenham went through to the semi-finals on away goals.[167] On 12 May, Guardiola secured a second consecutive Premier League title. His side finished on 98 points, one point above Liverpool, after a 4–1 victory at Brighton & Hove Albion in the final match of the season.[168] On 18 May, City beat Watford 6–0 in the final of the FA Cup, becoming the first ever men's team in England to win a domestic treble.[169][170][171]

Guardiola made two major acquisitions during the summer transfer window of 2019 in defender João Cancelo from Juventus for £27.4m plus Danilo and midfielder Rodri from Atlético Madrid for a fee of £62.8 million, a club record.[172] These signings meant that the value of the City squad had exceeded €1 billion,[173] becoming the first football club in the world to assemble a squad with this value. On 4 August 2019, City began the season with a penalty shoot-out victory against Liverpool in the Community Shield, claiming the trophy for the second straight year. During the match, Guardiola also became the first Premier League manager to receive a yellow card from the referee.[174][175] On 1 March, Manchester City beat Aston Villa 2–1 in the 2020 EFL Cup final, winning the competition for a third successive season.[176] City finished second in the 2019–20 Premier League after a spring hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After defeating Real Madrid in the 2019–20 Champions League round of 16, Guardiola's side faced Lyon in the single-elimination quarter-finals on 15 August 2020. City lost the match 1–3 and was eliminated at the quarter-final stage for the third season in a row.[177]

Ahead of the 2020–21 season, Guardiola strengthened his defence with the signings of Rúben Dias from Benfica and Nathan Aké from AFC Bournemouth; he also made an addition to the attacking line-up with the signing of Ferran Torres from Valencia.[178] The season saw City's defence greatly improve compared to the last campaign, with Rúben Dias and John Stones forming a centre-back partnership that conceded just one goal in twelve matches played together.[179] On 19 November 2020, Guardiola signed a new two-year contract with Manchester City until summer 2023.[180] He won his 500th game as manager after City beat Sheffield United 1–0 at home in the Premier League on 31 January 2020; it was the ninth game City had won in January, becoming the team with the most wins in a single month in the top four tiers of English football since the Football League began in 1888.[181] Following a 3–1 victory over Swansea City in the FA Cup on 10 February, Guardiola's side broke the record for the longest winning run in English top-flight football history, with fifteen straight victories for City in all competitions.[182]

Guardiola won his third Premier League title on 11 May after Manchester United's home defeat to Leicester City,[183] two weeks after beating Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 in the 2021 EFL Cup final to claim that trophy for the fourth successive time.[184] On 29 May, Manchester City played in the Champions League final for the first time in their history, losing to Chelsea 0–1. Following the match, Guardiola was criticised for his team selection and not starting a defensive midfielder. Chelsea manager Thomas Tuchel also admitted that he was surprised not to see midfielder Fernandinho in the City starting line-up.[185][186][187][188] Guardiola justified starting Gündoğan in a defensive role by citing his past experiences playing there and his ability to find midfield runners between compact defensive lines.[189] Overall, City's European breakthrough marked a sign of change after three consecutive quarter-final exits (2018, 2019, 2020) and the round of 16 elimination in 2017.

Guardiola as manager of Manchester City in 2021

During the summer transfer window of 2021, Guardiola signed midfielder Jack Grealish for £100m, a new British record, from Aston Villa,[190] whilst Sergio Agüero, Angeliño and Eric García departed the club.[191] After a 6–3 home victory over RB Leipzig in the Champions League season opener on 14 September 2021, which saw poor turnout, Guardiola called for more fans to show up for the home games. This invitation was rebuked by City's official supporters group stating, "[Guardiola] doesn't understand the difficulties" fans are facing amidst the pandemic.[192] On 25 September, he surpassed Les McDowall as the manager with the most wins in Manchester City history following their 1–0 away victory over Chelsea in the Premier League. Guardiola had therefore become City's most successful manager in history, having won 10 major English league and cup titles to date and maintaining a win % in excess of 70% (at least 10% higher than any proceeding manager).[193] On 22 May 2022, Manchester City won the Premier League with a 3–2 victory over Aston Villa. This was Guardiola's fourth title at the club, placing him second on the list of managers with the most Premier League titles.[194]

Prior to the 2022–23 season, Guardiola replaced the departing Raheem Sterling, Gabriel Jesus, Oleksandr Zinchenko, Fernandinho and Zack Steffen with the signings of Erling Haaland, Kalvin Phillips, Manuel Akanji, Sergio Gómez and Stefan Ortega.[195] On 20 May 2023, Manchester City won their third consecutive Premier League title after Arsenal's loss at Nottingham Forest, their fifth title under Guardiola.[196] On 3 June, the club won their second FA Cup under Guardiola after a 2–1 victory over rivals Mancherster United in the final to achieve another domestic double.[197] On 10 June, he led the club to their first Champions League title, and his personal third, after a 1–0 win against Inter Milan in the final, which completed their continental treble.[198]

The summer transfer window of the 2023–24 season saw Premier League rivals Chelsea's Mateo Kovačić, his compatriot Joško Gvardiol, winger Jérémy Doku and Matheus Nunes join Manchester City, while İlkay Gündoğan, Riyad Mahrez and Aymeric Laporte left the club.[199] On 16 August 2023, Guardiola won a record-equaling fourth UEFA Super Cup title, also becoming the first ever manager to win the trophy with three different clubs, as the Mancunian side defeated Sevilla 5–4 on penalties following a 1–1 draw.[200][201]

Under Guardiola's predecessor Frank Rijkaard, Barcelona were known for a 4–3–3 with plenty of flair with Ronaldinho being the centre point of the attack. Under Guardiola, however, the team became more disciplined with a greater focus on possession and a disciplined and aggressive pressing style. The leader in defence was Rafael Márquez who created chances from the back with his long balls.[202] He often played a high defensive line with the full backs (particularly Dani Alves) pushing high up their respective sides while relying on the passing of Xavi and Andrés Iniesta to retain possession and employing a pressing style without the ball.[203] During striker Samuel Eto'o's time at Barcelona, Lionel Messi was deployed on the right hand side, though following his departure Messi largely played in the centre forward role in a false nine capacity.[204] Pep Guardiola was quoted by Thierry Henry as "asking for discipline in possession of the ball in the first two-thirds of the pitch, and then giving players the freedom (and accountability) to finish it off in the last third of the pitch" in his time with Barcelona.[205]

During the 2011–12 season, Guardiola made increasing use of the 3–4–3 system, especially when facing two attackers, using Cesc Fàbregas as an attacking midfielder and Sergio Busquets in defensive midfield. Johan Cruyff previously had used this system as a basic tactical approach when Guardiola played for Barcelona. Guardiola employed this system in a 5–0 win against Villarreal with Javier Mascherano, Sergio Busquets and Eric Abidal as the back-three and Seydou Keita acting as a defensive midfield. Of note is that throughout their careers, Mascherano, Keita and Busquets had been deployed primarily as midfielders and Abidal as a full back, meaning Guardiola did not play even one central defender in the 5–0 victory. This he repeated four years later in Bayern Munich's 3–0 victory over Bayer Leverkusen, when he fielded a back three consisting of David Alaba, Philipp Lahm, and Xabi Alonso.[206] Although there are some spectators who assume the primary reason for the 3–4–3 was because he was short on defenders, in a later Champions League match against Milan at the Camp Nou, he employed this tactic with most of his players available for selection. As manager of Bayern Munich, he also employed a 3–4–3 formation during the first leg of the Champions League semi-final against old club Barcelona.[207]

Although much emphasis is placed on retaining possession of the ball and dictating play, with the intent to have the opposing side's defence chase the ball for extended periods of play, Guardiola's teams are recognised for pressing off the ball. Players press and harry the opposition collectively in an attempt to win back possession of the ball. This collective press is only conducted in the starting third of the opposition's pitch where less space exists and defenders and/or the goalkeeper may not be as good at dribbling or passing the ball as a midfielder. At Barcelona, this was referred as the "six-second rule", in that the team should aim to win back possession of the ball within six seconds as this was the time when opposition players may still be out of position following turnover of possession and are most susceptible to being dispossessed or forced into a mistake.[208] If possession of the ball was not won back within six seconds, players would abandon the collective press to conserve energy and revert to compact positions with men behind the ball to make it hard for the opposition to break them down.[209] The 'six-second rule' has largely been omitted after he left Barcelona. However, the principle of swiftly winning the ball back following a turnover of possession remains at Bayern Munich and Manchester City.[210]

As high pressing became prominent, Guardiola sought to counteract it with goalkeepers and defenders comfortable with both long and short ball distribution. At Manchester City, Ederson routinely played accurate long balls up-field when City were pressed high, at times taking the entire opposition out-of-play and creating 1-on-1 situations for City forwards.[211][212] To avoid getting caught by long-range passing from City's defensive-third, the opposition defence would cautiously drop deep despite the forward line's high-press, hence creating space in the middle of the pitch.[213][214]

Guardiola's approach to the game has evolved over the years.[215] After learning the style analogous with Total Football under the Johan Cruyff,[216][217] Guardiola was particularly influenced by his time as a player in Mexico under his friend and manager at Dorados, Juan Manuel Lillo.[218] Guardiola also sought help of Marcelo Bielsa to learn from him.[216] His editorials for El Pais during the 2006 World Cup in praise of Luis Aragonés' Spanish side and Ricardo La Volpe's Mexican side reveal the extent of his reverence for possession-based, attacking football, with defenders along with the goal-keeper playing it out from the back,[219] which Guardiola later cited as a major inspiration on multiple occasions.[220] In one of his editorials, he called Zinedine Zidane France's best defender, pointing out how recycling possession in itself is a key defensive tactic,[219] something that Guardiola teams would later become synonymous with.[219][221] Philipp Lahm, who played for Guardiola at Bayern Munich, pointed out that Guardiola's tactics were majorly "an offensive Sacchi", modelled after the Arrigo Sacchi's Milan team of the late 1980s, emphasising fluid movement, quick recoveries, and keeping possession of the ball, which was in sharp contrast to the strictly-defensive Catenaccio style employed effectively by José Mourinho and later by Diego Simeone; and that Guardiola has evolved his approach that seemingly was now a mix of both those styles.[222]

Considered by pundits to be one of the greatest managers of all time,[223][224] Guardiola is often linked with the successes of the Spanish and German national teams in 2010s, both of whom had many first-team players that were coached by him.[225]

Tactics employed by Guardiola has been likened to Gegenpressing[226] invented by Ralf Rangnick[227] and used to great effect by Jürgen Klopp,[226][228] which has influenced approaches of managers such as Maurizio Sarri,[229] Thomas Tuchel,[153][228] Graham Potter,[230] and Luis Enrique;[231] as well as those in other sports such as rugby.[232][233] Guardiola admitted that he had to adapt his style to German and English leagues, but his "football education comes from [Catalunya]" which is possession-based, and distinct from Gegenpressing.[234]

Jürgen Klopp credits Guardiola with building the toughest teams he has ever faced stating, "I could say City are the toughest opponent I've ever had but it wasn't much easier when I faced Pep's Bayern [..] We push each other to insane levels."[235]

Guardiola's obsessive preparation, and fixation on what his opponents might do, have been blamed for some key defeats with Bayern Munich and Manchester City in the Champions League, which he had not won for more than a decade since 2011.[236][237][238] İlkay Gündoğan pointed out that City "over-complicate" things, whilst Kevin de Bruyne lamented "same old story" after City lost to Lyon in the 2019–20 Champions League quarter-finals.[236] Reacting to such allegations on the night before the Champions League quarter-finals match against Atlético Madrid in 2022, Guardiola sarcastically remarked, "l love to overthink and create stupid tactics. Tonight I take inspiration and there will be incredible tactics tomorrow. We'll play with 12".[239]

Guardiola was one of the 13 sports personalities named in the Pandora Papers published by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ).[251] He had an account open in the principality of Andorra until 2012, exploiting the tax amnesty that Mariano Rajoy's conservative government had enacted in Spain to regularise his fiscal situation. Until that point, he had not declared the funds held in that account to the Spanish Tax Agency.[252]

Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Guardiola goal[1][269]

List of international goals scored by Pep Guardiola

No.	Date	Venue	Cap	Opponent	Score	Result	Competition
1	16 December 1992	Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, Seville, Spain	2	Latvia	2–0	5–0	1994 FIFA World Cup qualification
2	27 June 1994	Soldier Field, Chicago, United States	12	Bolivia	1–0	3–1	1994 FIFA World Cup
3	14 December 1996	Mestalla, Valencia, Spain	18	FR Yugoslavia	1–0	2–0	1998 FIFA World Cup qualification
4	12 February 1997	José Rico Pérez, Alicante, Spain	20	Malta	1–0	4–0	1998 FIFA World Cup qualification
5	3 June 2000	Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden	35	Sweden	1–0	1–1	Friendly

As of match played 25 October 2023

Barcelona B

• Segunda División B: 1990–91

Barcelona[281]

• La Liga: 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1997–98, 1998–99
• Copa del Rey: 1996–97,[282] 1997–98
• Supercopa de España: 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996
• European Cup: 1991–92
• UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1996–97
• European Super Cup: 1992

Spain U23

• Olympic gold medal: 1992

Individual

• Bravo Award: 1992
• Olympics – Spain Best Player: 1992
• UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2000

Barcelona B

• Tercera División: 2007–08

Barcelona[283]

• La Liga: 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
• Copa del Rey: 2008–09, 2011–12
• Supercopa de España: 2009, 2010, 2011
• UEFA Champions League: 2008–09, 2010–11
• UEFA Super Cup: 2009, 2011
• FIFA Club World Cup: 2009, 2011

Bayern Munich

• Bundesliga: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16[284]
• DFB-Pokal: 2013–14,[285] 2015–16[286]
• UEFA Super Cup: 2013[287]
• FIFA Club World Cup: 2013[288]

Manchester City

• Premier League: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23[289]
• FA Cup: 2018–19,[290] 2022–23[291]
• EFL Cup: 2017–18,[292] 2018–19,[293] 2019–20,[294] 2020–21[295]
• FA Community Shield: 2018,[296] 2019[297]
• UEFA Champions League: 2022–23;[298] runner-up: 2020–21[299]
• UEFA Super Cup: 2023[300]

Individual

• Don Balón Award: 2009, 2010
• Miguel Muñoz Trophy: 2008–09, 2009–10
• Onze d'Or Coach of the Year: 2009, 2011, 2012
• World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year: 2009, 2011
• IFFHS World's Best Club Coach: 2009, 2011
• European Coach of the Year—Alf Ramsey Award: 2011
• European Coach of the Season: 2008–09
• UEFA Team of the Year Best Coach: 2008–09, 2010–11
• La Liga Coach of the Year: 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012
• FIFA World Coach of the Year: 2011[301]
• Globe Soccer Awards Coach Career Award: 2013
• Globe Soccer Awards Coach of the Century: 2020[302]
• Premier League Manager of the Month: February 2017, September 2017, October 2017, November 2017, December 2017, February 2019, April 2019, January 2021, February 2021, November 2021, December 2021[289]
• Premier League Manager of the Season: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2022–23[289]
• LMA Manager of the Year: 2017–18,[303] 2020–21,[304] 2022–23[305]
• LMA Premier League Manager of the Year: 2017–18,[306] 2020–21,[307] 2022–23[308]
• League Managers Association (LMA) Hall of Fame[309]
• UEFA Men's Coach of the Year: 2022–23[310]

• Gold Medal Royal Order of Sports Merit: 2010[311]
• Catalan of the Year Award: 2009[312]