Joseph Hawley (Massachusetts politician)

Joseph Hawley III[1] (October 8, 1723 – March 10, 1788) was a political leader from Massachusetts during the era of the American Revolution.

For other people named Joseph Hawley, see Joseph Hawley (disambiguation).

Joseph Hawley III was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, a son of Joseph Hawley II (28 August 1682 - 1 June 1735) and Rebekah Stoddard (d. 1766), the daughter[2] of Solomon Stoddard (1643-1729). Stoddard, a minister who held the pulpit of Northampton's First Congregational Church for sixty years, was succeeded in his pulpit by his grandson, Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758). Thus, Joseph Hawley III was a first cousin to Jonathan Edwards. Through his sermons and ministry, Edwards led his congregation in an early manifestation of the First Great Awakening in 1734-1735. Joseph's father Joseph Hawley II, in deep distress over the perceived depth of his own sinfulness, committed suicide in 1735 when Joseph III was eleven years old, which Edwards publicly attributed to the work of Satan and the Hawley family’s history of mental illness, described as "melancholy".[3]

Joseph Hawley III graduated from Yale College in 1742 (he studied theology), and served as a Captain in a Massachusetts regiment during the 1745 Louisbourg expedition. He studied law under Phineas Lyman, and began practicing in 1749. He served in a variety of public offices, and was first elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1751.

Hawley was active in getting Jonathan Edwards dismissed from his position as pastor of the Northampton church.[4]

During the Stamp Act crisis he emerged, with Samuel Adams and James Otis, Jr., as a leader of the popular (or Whig) party. He declined election to the First Continental Congress in 1774, but was an active leader of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress. He urged Massachusetts's delegates to the Second Continental Congress to issue the United States Declaration of Independence. He suffered a nervous breakdown in 1776 and never again served in the legislature, but he continued to write important political essays. He was charter member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1780.[5]

Joseph Hawley is the namesake of the town of Hawley, Massachusetts.[6]

Notes
  1. Spear, Burton W. (1999). Search for the Passengers of the Mary & John, 1630, Volumes 12-15. B.W. Spear. ISBN 9780941273121. Joseph Hawley III- B. 1723. Yale-1742. D. 10 Mar. 1788. Master spirit in Revolution.
  2. Savage, James (1860). A genealogical dictionary of the first settlers of New England, showing three generations of those who came before May, 1692, on the basis of Farmer's Register. Vol. II. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 384. JOSEPH [Hawley], Northampton, s. of Thomas [Hawley], taught a sch[ool]. soon after gr. then preach, a brief period, and again was sch[ool].- master, last a trader, freem." 1680, and rep. 1683, 5, 91, and 2, and prob. under the new chart. He m. 24 Sept. 1676, Lydia, d. of capt. Samuel Marshall of Windsor, had Dorothy, b. 1678, d. young; Lydia, 1680; Joseph [Hawley II], 1682; Dorothy, again, 1684; Samuel, 1686; Thomas, 1689, H[arvard]. C[ollege]. 1709, the first min. of Ridgefield; and Ebenezer, 1694, who d. without ch. and the f. d. 19 May 1711, and his wid. d. 1732. Lydia m. Henry Dwight ; Dorothy m. Rev. Thomas Cheney, of Brookfield ; Samuel and Thomas had fams. but at a distance. Joseph [Hawley II] m. Rebecca d. of Rev. Solomon Stoddard, d. June 1735, left, beside Elisha, b. 1726, wh. fell in the bloody victory, 8 Sept. 1755, at Fort George, only Joseph [Hawley III], b. 1723, Y[ale]. C[ollege]. 1742, one of the master spirits of the Amer[ican]. Revo[lution]. wh. d. 10 Mar. 1788, when this name failed at N.
  3. Waide, Susan P. (2015). "Joseph Hawley papers - 1653-1804: Overview". The New York Public Library. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
  4. Coe, Michael D. (2006). The Line of Forts: Historical Archaeology on the Colonial Frontier of Massachusetts. University Press of New England. p. 183. ISBN 9781584655428. Became violent opposer of Jonathan Edwards, active in effecting his removal from Northampton; later, however, recanted his actions.
  5. "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  6. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 152.

References


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