Joseph Henry Lumpkin

Joseph Henry Lumpkin (December 23, 1799 – June 4, 1867) was a slave owner and the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S. state of Georgia.[1]

Joseph Henry Lumpkin

Biography

Early life and education

Lumpkin was born in Oglethorpe County, Georgia. He attended the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens, Georgia, for some time and then attended and graduated from Princeton College in 1819. After studying law under the tutelage of Thomas W. Cobb, Lumpkin was admitted to the state bar in 1820, and he began practicing in Lexington, Georgia.[2]

Career

After serving two terms in the Georgia General Assembly, 1824–1825, Lumpkin turned his full attention to his legal career.[3] In 1830, Lumpkin worked in unison with future U.S. Congressman and Georgia Governor, William Schley, and John H. Cuthbert to create the Georgia state penal code.[2]

After the creation of the Supreme Court of Georgia in 1845, Lumpkin was elected as one of three initial justices to preside over that court and was its first chief justice. He served on the court for more than 20 years until his death.[2] Lumpkin was offered the faculty chair of rhetoric and oratory at UGA in 1846, but he declined it. He did the same when offered the chancellorship of UGA in 1860. Even a presidential appointment to a seat on the US Court of Claims was turned down by Lumpkin so that he could remain on the state supreme court.[2]

Lumpkin also had a plantation in Athens, Georgia, where he owned 18 slaves.[4] One of the slaves he owned was William Finch who he purchased from Judge Garnett Andrews, the father of Eliza Frances Andrews in 1848.[5]

University of Georgia School of Law

He was one of three co-founders of the University of Georgia School of Law in 1859. Originally known as the Lumpkin School of Law;[3] it is now known as the University of Georgia School of Law. Lumpkin taught at the law school until the university shut down during the American Civil War. He also served as a trustee for the school for many years.[2]

Other writings

His writings and policies suggest a mixing of religion, economics, and politics. For Lumpkin, like many in his era, believed that economic and moral progress went together.:

In the early 1820s Lumpkin underwent an evangelical conversion that profoundly affected his life. He took an active part in the temperance movement on both the national and state levels. He also believed that slavery was sanctioned by the Bible and often cited religious arguments to support continuation of that institution."[3]

However, early in his career he had expressed opposition to slavery.[6] By the time Lumpkin was on the Georgia Supreme Court, he was devoted to promoting slavery. In an 1850 address to the South Carolina Institute, Lumpkin pointed to corporations and to slavery as key to promoting economic development in the South.[7]

Death

Lumpkin died and was buried in Athens on June 4, 1867.[2]

See also

References
  1. Paul DeForest Hicks (2002). Joseph Henry Lumpkin: Georgia's First Chief Justice. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-2365-9.
  2. William J. Northen, Men of Mark in Georgia, A. B. Caldwell, 1912, pp.302-307
  3. New Georgia Encyclopedia entry for Joseph Henry Lumpkin
  4. United States 1850 Slave Schedule
  5. Bacote, Clarence A. (1955). "William Finch, Negro Councilman and Political Activities in Atlanta During Early Reconstruction". The Journal of Negro History. 40 (4): 341–364. doi:10.2307/2715658. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2715658. S2CID 149823766. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  6. Timothy S. Huebner (1999). The Southern Judicial Tradition: State Judges and Sectional Distinctiveness, 1790-1890. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-2101-X.
  7. Alfred L. Brophy, "The Market, Utility, and Slavery in Southern Legal Thought," Slavery's Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development (Sven Beckert & Seth Rockman eds. 2016): 262, 269.
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