Joseph Toynbee

Joseph Toynbee was born in Heckington, Lincolnshire on 30 December 1815,[1] and baptised there on 2 January 1816.[2] He was the third[3] son of fifteen children of the wealthy land owner and farmer George Toynbee (1783–1865). George's first wife and the mother of Joseph, was Elizabeth, (maiden surname of Cullen, 1785–1820).[4] Joseph's parents were married at Bracebridge, Lincolnshire, on 21 May 1811, by Licence.[5][6]

After several years of private tuition, he attended King's Lynn Grammar School in Norfolk. At the age of seventeen he studied medicine. His first experience in medicine came when he was apprenticed to William Wade of the Westminster General Dispensary in Gerrard Street in London's Soho. He studied anatomy under George Derby Dermott (1802–1847) at Hunterian Medical School at the Great Windmill Street, and later gained a reputation as a prosector.

Joseph married Harriet Holmes, a daughter of Nathaniel Reynolds Holmes, on 4 August 1846, at St John's Church, Hampstead. The couple were married by Licence.[7] They had nine children together, including economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–1883), and the bacteriologist Grace Frankland (née Toynbee).[8]

Another son, Harry Valpy Toynbee (1861–1941), was the father of universal historian Arnold J. Toynbee, and archaeologist and art historian Jocelyn Toynbee.

He died on 7 July 1866, at 18, Saville Row, Mayfair, while conducting experiments with prussic acid and chloroform as a remedy for tinnitus.[9] Either one of these substances or their combination is to blame for his death.[10] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Wimbledon, on 11 July 1866. Joseph's residence on the burial register was listed as Wimbledon. He lived at Beech Holme, Wimbledon.[11]

He performed studies on the functionality of the Eustachian tube and of the tympanic membrane[10] and tried to restore attempts, the tympanoplasty. When St. Mary's Hospital was founded in Paddington, he a became an aural surgeon and a lecturer on ear diseases – his course of clinical lectures being published in 1855 and 1866.[10] During this time period he composed two major works: "A Descriptive Catalogue of Preparations Illustrative of the Diseases of the Ear" (1857), and "The Diseases of the Ear: Their Nature, Diagnosis and Treatment" (1860). From his many dissections of "deaf ears", he studied ankylosis of the stapes.[10]

Joseph Toynbee's artificial tympanic membrane made of gutta percha attached to a silver wire stem.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1842.[12]

Austrian otologist Adam Politzer (1835–1920) penned biographies in French (1905) and German (1914) honoring Toynbee, whom Politzer regarded as a major influence.

• On the structure of the membrana tympani in the human ear. Richard Taylor, London 1851
• On the use of an artificial membrana tympani in cases of deafness : dependent upon perforation or destruction of the natural organ. J. Churchill, London 1857
• A Descriptive Catalogue of Preparations illustrative of the Diseases of the Ear in the Museum of Joseph Toynbee. J. Churchill, London 1857
• The Diseases of the Ear: Their Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Blanchard and Lea, 1860
• Hints on the Formation of Local Museums. Robert Hardwicke, 1863

• Betlejewski, Stanisław; Betlejewski, Andrzej (August 2009). "Joseph Toynbee—otologist, scientist, philanthropist". Otolaryngologia Polska. The Polish Otolaryngology (in Polish). Poland. 63 (2): 199–203. doi:10.1016/S0030-6657(09)70106-4. ISSN 0030-6657. PMID 19681496.

Wikisource has the text of the 1885–1900 Dictionary of National Biography's article about Toynbee, Joseph.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joseph Toynbee.

• Sketches of Otohistory; Origins of Otology in the British Isles: Wilde and Toynbee by Joseph E Hawkins
• Adam Politzer studies by Dr. Albert Mudry
• New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors at the Wayback Machine (archived 28 April 2010)

Beginning with Joseph, the Toynbees have been prominent in British intellectual society for several generations (note that this diagram is not a comprehensive Toynbee family tree):