Joshua K. Ingalls

Joshua King Ingalls (July 16, 1816 – Mar 3, 1899) was an American inventor, Christian minister,[1] writer and land reformer who influenced contemporary individualist anarchists, despite never self-identifying as one.[2][3]

Joshua K. Ingalls
Born(1816-07-16)July 16, 1816
Swansea, Massachusetts, United States
DiedMarch 3, 1899(1899-03-03) (aged 82)
Glenora, New York, United States
Occupation(s)Inventor, Christian minister, writer, land reformer
Spouse
Amanda Gray
​
​
(m. 1837; died 1879)​

Biography

Ingalis was born in Swansea, Massachusetts on July 16, 1816.[4] He married Amanda Gray (1819–1879) on October 29, 1837; they had four children.[5]

Ingalls was an associate of Benjamin Tucker and the Boston anarchists. He believed that government protection of idle land was the foundational source of all limitations on individual liberty. This was in disagreement with Tucker who, while also opposing protection of idle land, believed that government protection of the "banking monopoly" was the greatest evil. Like the individualist anarchists of the United States, Ingalls believed in a form of free-market socialism where "Every man will be rewarded according to his work" and each person was to receive the "...whole product of his labor."[1] And even denounced capitalism in his critique of land monopoly.[6] Ingalls first learned of the mutualism of Proudhon through Charles A. Dana's articles titled "European Socialism".[1] His three main influences were Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Josiah Warren, and Stephen Pearl Andrews.[1]

Ingalls died at home in Glenora, New York, on Mar 3, 1899.[5]

Works

References
  1. Martin, James Joseph (1953). Men Against the State. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. pp. 139–142. ISBN 978-1-61016-391-0.
  2. J. K. Ingalls, Land Reformer Archived 2006-01-17 at the Wayback Machine; excerpted from Men Against the State by James J. Martin "Although, neither Ingalls nor Andrews ever regarded themselves as anarchists, they each managed in their own way to contribute ideas of great significance and consequence to those who did."
  3. Hall, Bowman N. (October 1980). "Joshua K. Ingalls, American Individualist: Land Reformer, Opponent of Henry George and Advocate of Land Leasing, Now an Established Mode". American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 39 (4): 383–396. doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.1980.tb01289.x. ISSN 1536-7150.
  4. Thompson, Benjamin F.; Werner, Charles J. (1918). History of Long Island from Its Discovery & Settlement to the Present Time; Revised & Greatly Enlarged with Aditions[sic] And a Biography of the Author by Charles J. Werner. New York: Robert H. Dodd.
  5. Burleigh, Charles (1903). The Genealogy and History of the Ingalls Family in America: Giving the Descendants of Edmund Ingalls Who Settled at Lynn, Mass. In 1629. Malden, Massachusetts: G.E. Dunbar. pp. 149–150.
  6. Schwartzman, Jack (2003). "Ingalls, Hanson, and Tucker: Nineteenth-Century American Anarchists". American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 62 (5): 315–342. doi:10.1111/j.0002-9246.2003.00266.x. ISSN 1536-7150. Originally published in Critics of Henry George: A Centenary Appraisal of Their Strictures on Progress and Poverty (1979), p. 234–.
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