Juliano Moreira

Juliano Moreira (6 January 1872 – 2 May 1933) was a Brazilian psychiatrist, often considered the pioneer of psychoanalysis in Brazil.[1][2] Moreira was the first Brazilian university professor to cite and use the psychoanalytic theory in the teaching of medicine.

Juliano Moreira
Born(1872-01-06)January 6, 1872
Salvador, Province of Bahia, Empire of Brazil
DiedMay 2, 1933(1933-05-02) (aged 61)
Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro (state), Brazil
Alma materFaculdade de Medicina da Bahia
Occupationpsychiatrist

Life and career

Juliano Moreira was born on January 6, 1872, in Salvador, capital of the then province of Bahia. He studied at the Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia (Faculty of Medicine of Bahia), today the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), graduating in 1891 with the thesis Sífilis maligna precoce (Early malignant syphilis). In 1896 he became a professor of psychiatry at his alma mater.

From 1895 to 1902, he attended mental illness courses and internships and visited many asylums in Germany, England, France, Italy, and Scotland. In addition to study trips, he was often required to seek out specialists and clinics to treat his own tuberculosis.

When the disease got worse, he took a new license and traveled to Europe for better treatment and later went to a sanatorium in Cairo, where he met Augusta Peick, a German nurse from Hamburg. The two married in the early 1910s and came together to Brazil.[3][4]

From 1903 to 1930, Moreira was the director of the Hospício Nacional de Alienados (National Asylum for the Insane), currently Hospício Pedro II, in Rio de Janeiro. During his tenure, he humanized the patients' treatment and ended their imprisonment.

Moreira spoke against the pseudoscientific racist beliefs espoused at the time, such as that racial miscegenation caused mental illnesses; he defended that they were due to physical and situational factors such as poor hygiene and lack of access to education.[5] Moreira was the first researcher to identify mucosal cutaneous leishmaniasis and sought to prove that the racial issue did not motivate the disease.

Despite opposing racism, Moreira was a member of eugenist organizations and defended practices such as the sterilization of criminals and alcoholics.[6][7]

Moreira joined the Brazilian Academy of Sciences in 1917 and was its president from 1926 to 1929.

Death

Moreira died in 1933 in Petrópolis, in a sanatory to treat his tuberculosis. Colônia Juliano Moreira,[8] a psychiatric colony near Rio de Janeiro was named after him.

Tribute

On January 6, 2021, Google celebrated his 149th birthday with a Google Doodle.[9]

References
  1. Oda, Ana Maria Galdini Raimundo; Dalgalarrondo, Paulo (December 2000). "Juliano Moreira: um psiquiatra negro frente ao racismo científico" [Juliano Moreira: a black psychiatrist in the face of scientific racism]. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (in Portuguese). 22 (4): 178–179. doi:10.1590/S1516-44462000000400007.
  2. Bastos, Othon (August 2007). "Primórdios da psiquiatria no Brasil" [Beginnings of psychiatry in Brazil]. Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul (in Portuguese). 29 (2): 154–155. doi:10.1590/S0101-81082007000200004.
  3. "HJM foi representado em evento na Assembléia Legislativa da Bahia". Sesab - Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  4. dos Santos, Raquel Pinheiro (2014). Manoel Bomfim e Juliano Moreira: Aproximações e oposições ao racismo científico na Primeira República (Thesis). p. 99. Archived from the original on 2018-12-29. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  5. Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2005). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195170559.
  6. "A Loucura Sobre A Ótica Da Eugenia" (PDF). uem.br (in Portuguese). 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  7. Ricardo Augusto Dos Santos. "Os Intelectuais Eugenistas. Da Abundância de Nomes a Escassez de Investigação. (1917-1937)" (PDF). historia.uff.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  8. Brazil, T.K. (org.), Santana-Junior, E. F., Casais-e-Silva, L. L. Projeto Herois da Saúde na Bahia. Juliano Moreira 1872- 1933 Archived 2021-04-20 at the Wayback Machine
  9. "Juliano Moreira's 149th Birthday". Google. 6 January 2021.
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