Julien Alexandre Achard de Bonvouloir

Julien Alexandre Achard de Bonvouloir (10 May 1749, in Passais-la-Conception – 1783) was a secret French envoy to the American colonies, in 1775.[1]

Julien Alexandre Achard de Bonvouloir's ancient family from Poitou and Normandy was divided into three branches: Achard de Bonvouloir, Achard de la Vente, and Achard de Leluardière. The eldest Achard was granted the right to lead the Bishop of Angoulême in saving the city from the infidels. Achard also fought the Saracens; a cross commemorating this battle stands at the site of the battle, bearing the inscription: "Achard, the Tison, the neighbor across the country has driven off the Saracens.[2][3][4][5][6]

References
  1. "Benjamin Franklin: Revolutionary Spymaster". History Net: Where History Comes Alive - World & US History Online. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  2. "Nobiliaire universel de France, ou Recueil général des généalogies historiques des maisons nobles de ce royaume". Paris Au bureau du Nobiliaire universel de France, réimprimé à la Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  3. "Packard Humanities Institute: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin". Franklinpapers.org. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  4. Thomas Balch. "Les Français en Amérique pendant la guerre de L'indépendance des États-Unis 1777-1783" (TXT). Gutenberg.org\accessdate=2 January 2015.
  5. Carl G. Karsch. "History of Carpenter's Hall : The Unlikely Spy". Carpentershall.org. Archived from the original on 1 May 2006. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  6. "Time lines : Pennsylvania". Timelinesdb.com. Retrieved 2 January 2015.

Bibliography
  • Joseph Hamon, Le chevalier de Bonvouloir: premier émissaire secret de la France auprès du Congrès de Philadelphie avant l'indépendance américaine, Jouve, 1953, 117 p.
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