Brown roofed turtle

The brown roofed turtle (Pangshura smithii) is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. The species is endemic to South Asia. Two subspecies are recognized.

Brown roofed turtle
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Superfamily: Testudinoidea
Family: Geoemydidae
Genus: Pangshura
Species:
P. smithii
Binomial name
Pangshura smithii
(Gray, 1863)
Synonyms[1][3]
Pangshura smithii smithii
  • Batagur smithii
    Gray, 1863
  • Pangshura smithii
    Günther, 1864
  • Clemmys smithii
    Strauch, 1865
  • Pangshura smith [sic]
    Theobald, 1868 (ex errore)
  • Emia smithii
    — Gray, 1870
  • Kachuga smithii
    Boulenger, 1889
  • Kachuga smithi [sic]
    M.A. Smith, 1931 (ex errore)
  • Kachuga amithii [sic]
    Rudloff, 1974 (ex errore)
  • Kachuga smithi smithi
    Moll, 1987
  • Kachuga smithii smithii
    — Moll, 1987
  • Pangshura smithii smithii
    Das, 2001
  • Pngshura [sic] smithii
    — Das, 2001
  • Pangshura smithi
    — Gurley, 2003
  • Pangshura smithi smithi
    Joseph-Ouni, 2004
Pangshura smithii pallidipes
  • Kachuga smithii pallidipes
    Moll, 1987
  • Kachuga smithi pallidipes
    van Dijk, 2000
  • Pangshura smithii pallidipes
    — Das, 2001
  • Pangshura smithi pallidipes
    — Joseph-Ouni, 2004

Etymology

The specific name, smithii, is in honor of Scottish zoologist Andrew Smith.[4]

Description

The carapace of P. smithii is much depressed and feebly keeled. The nuchal shield is small, trapezoidal, and broadest posteriorly. The first vertebral has sinuous lateral borders and is usually a little narrower in front than behind. The second vertebral is shortest, broader than long, and usually with straight or slightly convex posterior border. The third vertebral is considerably longer than broad, subquadrangular, and its posterior border is straight or slightly convex. The fourth vertebral is longest, tapering anteriorly and forming a narrow suture with the third. The fifth vertebral is much broader than the others. The large plastron is feebly angulated laterally. The front lobe is rounded. The hind lobe is angularly notched and as long as or a little shorter than the width of the bridge. The longest median suture is that between the abdominals, which about equals the length of the front lobe. The gulars are usually shorter than the suture between the humerals, their suture with the latter shields forming a right angle. The inguinal is large, and the axillary is smaller. The head is moderate. The snout is short, obtuse, and feebly prominent. The jaws have denticulated edges. The upper jaw is not notched mesially. The alveolar surface of the upper jaw is broad, and the median ridge is nearer the inner than the outer border. There are bony choanae between the orbits. The width of the lower jaw at the symphysis is less than the diameter of the orbit. The fore limbs have large transverse scales. The carapace is pale olive-brown above, and the dorsal keel is usually blackish. The plastral shields and the lower surface of the marginals are dark brown, bordered with yellow. The straight-line carapace length is 8.5 in (22 cm).[5]

Brown roofed turtles exhibit ZZ/ZW sex determination, in contrast to the temperature-dependent sex determination of most turtles.[6]

Subspecies and geographic ranges

Two subspecies are recognized, including the nominotypical subspecies.[3]

Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of P. smithii are freshwater swamps and rivers. These creatures also prefer to bask in the sun, twice a day. They often prefer muddy areas.[7]

References

  1. Ahmed, M.F.; Praschag, P.; Choudhury, B.C.; Singh, S. (2021). "Pangshura smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39554A2929235. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39554A2929235.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. Fritz, Uwe; Havaš, Peter (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 239. ISSN 1864-5755. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-01. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  4. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Kachuga smithii, p. 246).
  5. Boulenger GA (1890).
  6. Badenhorst, Daleen; Stanyon, Roscoe; Engstrom, Tag; Valenzuela, Nicole (2013-04-01). "A ZZ/ZW microchromosome system in the spiny softshell turtle, Apalone spinifera, reveals an intriguing sex chromosome conservation in Trionychidae". Chromosome Research. 21 (2): 137–147. doi:10.1007/s10577-013-9343-2. ISSN 1573-6849. PMID 23512312. S2CID 14434440.
  7. Species Pangshura smithii at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.

Further reading

  • Auffenberg, Walter; Khan, Naeem Ahmed (1991). "Studies of Pakistan reptiles: Notes on Kachuga smithi ". Hamadryad 16: 25-29.
  • Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (Kachuga smithii, p. 42).
  • Das I (2002). A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. ISBN 0-88359-056-5. (Pangshura smithii, p. 129).
  • Gray JE (1863). "Notice of a new species of Batagur ". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863: 253. (Batagur smithii, new species).
  • Moll EO (1987). "Survey of the freshwater turtles of India. Part II: The genus Kachuga ". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 84: 7-25. (Kachuga smithii pallidipes, new subspecies, p. 8 + Plate 3, figures B-C).
  • Smith MA (1931). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. I.—Loricata, Testudines. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxviii + 185 pp. + Plates I-II. ("Kachuga smithi [sic]", pp. 125–126).


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