Kadiivka

Kadiivka or Stakhanov is a city in Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located on the Komyshuvakha River, a right tributary of the Luhan.[1]

Kadiivka
Кадіївка
City
Mir Cinema
Mir Cinema
Flag of Kadiivka
Flag
Coat of arms of Kadiivka
Coat of arms
Kadiivka is located in Luhansk Oblast
Kadiivka
Kadiivka
Kadiivka is located in Ukraine
Kadiivka
Kadiivka
Coordinates: 48°34′05″N 38°39′31″E
Country Ukraine
Oblast Luhansk Oblast
RaionAlchevsk Raion
Population
 (2022)
 • Total73,248
ClimateDfb

The city is incorporated as a city of oblast significance. Its population is approximately 73,248 (2022 estimate).[2]

The city came under the control of the breakaway pro-Russia Luhansk People's Republic (LPR / LNR) in early 2014. In September 2022, Russia declared the incorporation of all LPR territory into Russia.

Name

The name Kadiivka (Ukrainian: Кадіївка; Russian: Кадиевка, romanized: Kadievka) dates back to 1898.[1] The city was briefly renamed Sergo, or Serho (Ukrainian: Серго) after Bolshevik leader Sergo Ordzhonikidze between 1937 and 1940,[3] before returning to the name Kadiivka in 1940 to 1978.[4]

On 15 February 1978, the city was renamed Stakhanov (Ukrainian: Стаханов; Russian: Стаханов) after the famous Soviet miner Alexei Stakhanov, who started his career there.[5]

On 12 May 2016, Ukraine's Verkhovna Rada voted to change its name back to Kadiivka as a result of decommunization laws.[6][7] The Luhansk People's Republic, and later Russian, occupation authorities who militarily control the city have not recognized this decision and maintain the name Stakhanov; the name change has had a largely symbolic meaning as a result.[8][9]

History

Founding

Kadiivka has its origins in the mid-19th century in the settlement of Shubynka, when coal mining was developing in the region.[1] It became known as Kadiivka in 1898.[1]

Soviet times

From 1919, the city came under the power of the Bolsheviks. A local newspaper has been published in the settlement since September 1930.[10] In 1931, the session of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee decided to build a new orderly city. The pond in the center was filled in, and a square was built in its place, which existed until the early 1970s. Kadiivka received city status in 1932.[1]

During the Second World War, the city was occupied by German troops from July 1942 until September 1943. A Soviet labor camp for German prisoners of war operated at Kadiivka during the Second World War.[11][12]

In November 1944, three districts (city district councils) were created: Illichivskyi, Bryanskyi, and Golubivskyi.[13]

In the 1950s, the city encompassed settlements that were later separated into separate cities — Brianka, Pervomaisk, and Kirovsk (now Golubivk). In the fall of 1954, a technical school was opened in Kadiivka, where 280 high school graduates began their studies.

The city was renamed in 1978 in honor of Alexei Stakhanov,[14] a Soviet coal miner famous for purportedly setting a new record of coal mining output using his own innovative working methods and inspiring the Stakhanovite movement.[14][5]

Pro-Russian and Russian occupation (2014-present)
Further information: War in Donbas (2014–2022)

Stakhanov fell under control of the Luhansk People's Republic in early 2014 amidst the war in Donbas. Starting mid-April 2014 pro-Russian separatists captured several towns in Donetsk Oblast;[15][16] they took over Stakhanov on 2 May 2014.[17][18]

In October 2015, the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine opened a Forward Patrol Base in the city, meaning that a small number of international monitors were due to be permanently based here.[19] The OSCE left the city shortly before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine began.[20]

With Russia's Wagner Group having significant bases in Kadiivka, Ukrainian forces have reportedly scored repeated hits on them, with multiple casualties.[21][22][23]

Economy
A metallurgical plant in Kadiivka, pictured in the early 1900s

The city has traditionally been a major coal-mining town, though its importance has declined as its natural resources have been depleted and alternative fuels have gained prominence.[14] The city has several coal mines today.[1]

It also has been important as a metallurgical and machine-building center, and contains the Stakhanov Railway Car Building Works, the Stakhanov Ferroalloy Plant and the Stakhanov Coke Plant.[1] In 1985, in the Soviet Union, the city was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.[24]

Transport

The city formerly had electric city transport in the form of both trams and trolleybuses. Tram traffic opened on February 15, 1937, and trolleybus traffic opened on March 1, 1970. Tram traffic closed on November 11, 2007, and trolleybus traffic closed on August 31, 2011, while it is elsewhere reported that it was suspended on September 11, 2008,[25] with its newer LAZ trolleybuses bought by Antratsyt.[26] As the years went on, the number of trams dwindled from 38 in 1973 to 4 in 2007, of which only 2 would run.

Demographics

In 1991, the population was 112,700 people, by 2013 this had fallen to 77,593.[27][28]

As of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:[29]

Ethnicity
  • Ukrainians: 46.1%
  • Russians: 50.1%
  • Belarusians: 1%
  • Other: 2.9%
Language

City municipality

The Municipality of Kadiivka also includes two other cities:

Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Kadiivka include:

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kadiivka.
  1. "Stakhanov". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  2. Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. Звіт Центру документування УГСПЛ “Історія одного міста: Кадіївка: назву змінено, окупація триває” – Українська Гельсінська спілка з прав людини (Report) (in Ukrainian). 29 April 2020.
  4. Україна: енциклопедичний довідник. Київ: Потенціал. 2002. p. 192. У 1940—1978 рр. місто носило попередню назву Кадіївка
  5. Post-Soviet Geography. Vol. 34. p. 650.
  6. Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України
  7. UNIAN
  8. "ЛНР Сегодня: Стаханов". Archived from the original on 2016-06-05. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  9. [jpgazeta.ru/v-lnr-otvergayut-zateyu-kieva-s-pereimenovaniyami-gorodov/ "В ЛНР отвергают затею Киева с переименованиями городов | Журналистская Правда"]. 2016-02-20. Retrieved 2016-08-15. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  10. № 2911. Стахановское знамя // Летопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986 – 1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр.382
  11. Boeckh, Katrin (2007). Stalinismus in der Ukraine: die Rekonstruktion des sowjetischen Systems nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 131.
  12. Bonwetsch, Bernd; Bordjugov, Gennadij; Naimark, Norman M. (1998). Sowjetische Politik in der SBZ 1945–1949: Dokumente zur Tätigkeit der Propagandaverwaltung (Informationsverwaltung) der SMAD under Sergej Tjul'panow. Bonn: Verlag J.H.W. Dietz Nachf. Bonn. p. 57.
  13. "Відомості ВР УРСР", Про утворення в місті Кадіївці, Ворошиловградської області, трьох міських районних Рад депутатів трудящих — Іллічівської, Брянської і Голубівської, p. 17, 11 November 1944
  14. "Stakhanov". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  15. Ragozin, Leonid (2014-04-16). "Putin Is Accidentally Helping Unite Eastern and Western Ukraine". New Republic. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  16. "TASS: World – Donbass defenders put WWII tank back into service". En.itar-tass.com. 2014-06-06. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  17. Анастасия Баранова (2014-05-02). "In Stakhanov the armed extremists occupied premises of the Executive Committee of the City Soviet of People's Deputies, requirements yet don't put forward". News.pn. 46.975033;31.994583. Retrieved 2016-04-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  18. Анастасия Баранова (2014-05-01). "In Stakhanov deputies of the City Council broke attempt of the mayor and separatists to appoint a referendum". News.pn. 46.975033;31.994583. Retrieved 2016-04-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  19. "OSCE SMM Status Report as of 21 October 2015". Report by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  20. "OSCE begins pullout from Eastern Ukraine". BBC. 13 February 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  21. "Video Shows Destroyed Russian Mercenaries' Base, Ukraine Says". Newsweek. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
  22. "Ukrainian military carried out a precision strike on Wagner base at stadium in Kadiivka, Luhansk governor says". Retrieved 2022-06-11.
  23. "Ukraine strikes Wagner HQ in Luhansk, governor says". BBC. 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  24. Стаханов // Советский энциклопедический словарь. редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. 4-е изд. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1986. стр.1271
  25. "Міський транспорт :: Стаханов". urbantransport.kiev.ua. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
  26. "Chronology: Stakhanov". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
  27. Stakhanov // The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 15th edition. Micropaedia. Vol.11. Chicago, 1994. page 204
  28. Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.75
  29. "Офіційна сторінка Всеукраїнського перепису населення". Ukrcensus.gov.ua. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
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