Kalmyk cattle

Kalmyk cattle
	Bull at the Moscow breeding cattle exhibition, 1896
Conservation status	FAO (2007): not at risk[1]; DAD-IS (2023): unknown[2][3];
Other names	Russian: Калмыцкая; Kalmytskaya;
Country of origin	western Mongolia, southern Altai
Distribution	Russian Federation; Kazakhstan; Tajikistan;
Use	Livestock
Traits
Weight	Male: 720 kg; Female: 430 kg;
Height	Male: 135 cm; Female: 126 cm;
Coat	red of various shades; white markings on head, belly and legs; pale muzzle
Horn status	horned; short, upward pointing
Notes
	known for their extreme hardiness;; belong to the group of Turano-Mongolian cattle;
	Cattle; Bos (primigenius) taurus;

Kalmyk cattle (Russian: Калмыцкая, Kalmytskaya) is a breed of beef cattle of the former Soviet Union, now found in the Russian Federation, in Kazakhstan and in Tajikistan.[4][3] It is believed to have originated in Dzungaria, and to have been brought into south-eastern Russia by migrating Kalmyks in the seventeenth century.

History

It is believed that the Kalmyk originated in Dzungaria, and was brought into south-eastern Russia by migrating Kalmyks in the seventeenth century.[5]^: 214

In 1980 the total population of the breed in the Soviet Union was estimated at 381000, of which 217000 were purebred.[6]^: 3 In 2023 the Kalmyk was reported to DAD-IS by the Russian Federation, and by Kazakhstan and Tajikistan; no population data was reported, and the conservation status of the breed in those countries was 'unknown'.[3]

Characteristics

The Kalmyk is compact and of medium size: the average bodyweight for cows is 430 kg, for bulls 720 kg; average heights are 126 cm and 135 cm respectively.[4] The coat is red, in varying shades, with white markings to the head, belly, and legs. The head is small, with a long face and short horns.[6]^: 83

References

Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
Breed data sheet: Kalmytskaya / Russian Federation (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2023.
Transboundary breed: Kalmyk. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2023.
Breed description: Kalmyk. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. Archived 15 October 2007.
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
N.G. Dmitriev, L.K. Ernst (1989). Animal genetic resources of the USSR. FAO animal production and health paper 65. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9251025827. Archived 13 November 2009. Also available here, archived 29 September 2017.

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[barb-1] Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.

[dad-2] Breed data sheet: Kalmytskaya / Russian Federation (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2023.

[dad2-3] Transboundary breed: Kalmyk. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2023.

[tiho-4] Breed description: Kalmyk. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. Archived 15 October 2007.

[cabi-5] Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.

[dmit-6] N.G. Dmitriev, L.K. Ernst (1989). Animal genetic resources of the USSR. FAO animal production and health paper 65. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9251025827. Archived 13 November 2009. Also available here, archived 29 September 2017.