Kamyenyets

Kamyenyets[lower-alpha 1] or Kamenets (Belarusian: Каменец, romanized: Kamieniec,[lower-alpha 2][2] IPA: [ˈkamʲenʲets], Russian: Каменец; Ukrainian: Кам'янець, romanized: Kamianets'; Polish: Kamieniec Litewski; Yiddish: קאמעניץ, romanized: Kamenits; Lithuanian: Kamianecas; Hebrew: קמניץ דליטא, romanized: Kamenitz D'Lita), also known as Kamyanyets (Belarusian: Камянец), is a town in Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Kamyenyets District.[1] The town is located in the northwestern corner of Brest Region on the Lyasnaya River, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north from Brest. In 2002, its population was approximately 9,000. As of 2023, it has a population of 8,316.[1] The Leśna Prawa river flows through the town.

Kamyenyets
Каменец
Kamenets
Coat of arms of Kamyenyets
Coat of arms
Kamyenyets is located in Belarus
Kamyenyets
Kamyenyets
Location in Belarus
Coordinates: 52°24′N 23°49′E
CountryBelarus
RegionBrest Region
DistrictKamyenyets District
First mentioned1276
Population
 (2023)[1]
 • Total8,316
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK)
Postal code
225050, 225051
Area code+375 1631
License plate1

History
A street in Kamyenyets.

It was first mentioned in the Halych-Volhynian Chronicle in 1276, when a castle with a keep, the tower of Kamyenyets, was being constructed on this spot, to protect the northern boundary of Volhynia from the raids of invaders. This site on the stony steep bank of the Liasnaja (Lysna or Leśna) River had attracted Oleksa, the prominent builder and architect of Volhynia. He showed the site to Vladimir Vasilkovich, the Prince of Volhynia, who appreciated the place and ordered Oleksa to build a castle with a keep on the spot. Later a town appeared around the fortification. The tower is often called Bielaja Vieža (alternative transliteration: Belaya Vezha), which means White Tower or White Fortress in Belarusian, because after its foundation it was tiled in white. The neighboring primeval forest of Belavezhskaya Pushcha received its name, which also means White Tower, through association with the tower. However, today the color of the castle is brick-red, having weathered through the ages, not white.

The original name of the town comes from the Polish word Kamieniec which means stone fortress in English, as it served as one of the most important fortresses of Polish Kings during the Commonwealth.

In 1366, it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in 1376 it was burnt by Teutonic Crusaders but rapidly rebuilt. In 1503, local townsfolk received a limited self-administration right (probably the Magdeburg Rights) that was used by 1795, when it was annexed by Russia. In 1588 and 1659, the town was devastated with plague.

In the 19th century and the first four decades of the 20th century, the local Jewish community was the most active part of the townsfolk.[3] Memories of the town are included in Yechezkel Kotik's memoir, published in English as Journey To a Nineteenth Century Shtetl: The Memoirs of Yekhezkel Kotik.[4] Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak-Kaminetz was there 1926-1939.

In the years 1921-1939 it was in Poland. In 1939, it was occupied by Soviet Union and annexed to the Belorussian SSR. From 23 June 1941 until 22 July 1944, Kamyenyets was occupied by Nazi Germany and administered as a part of Bezirk Bialystok. During the Nazi occupation, most local Jews were killed.

After World War II, the town developed as a minor center of the food processing industry (cheese and butter making, baking of bread, etc.).

Attractions

The main historical attraction is the donjon that accommodates a museum. There are also St Simeon's Orthodox church (1914); Sts Peter and Paul Roman Catholic church (1925) and Roman Catholic cemetery of the 18th - early 20th centuries. The building of a synagogue (used until 1941). Since 2009, there has been an annual historical Belaja Vezha Festival organized by local people.

Notes
  1. BGN/PCGN romanization.
  2. Official transliteration.

References
  1. "Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа". belsat.gov.by. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  2. Назвы населеных пунктаў Рэспублікі Беларусь: Брэсцкая вобласць: нарматыўны даведнік / І. А. Гапоненка і інш.; пад рэд. В. П. Лемцюговай. — Мн.: Тэхналогія, 2010.— 318 с. ISBN 978-985-458-198-9.
  3. Musevich, Georgiy (2009). Народ, который жил среди нас [The People Who Lived Among Us]. Translated by Sherwin L. Sokolov. Brest.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. Kotik, Yekhezkel. Journey to a Nineteenth Century Shtetl: The Memoirs of Yekhezkel Kotik. pp. 109–139.
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