Kandis Kingdom

Kingdom of Kandis
ᯄ᯦ᯊᯚ᯲ (Batak Mandailing)
Kingdom of Kandis ᯄ᯦ᯊᯚ᯲ (Batak Mandailing)
c. 1st century BC
	The estimate location of the Kandis Kingdom in the western-central Sumatra (part of modern-day West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau)
Common languages	Old Minangkabau, Mandailing
Religion	Hinduism, Buddhism
Government	Monarchy
History
• Established	c. 1st century BC
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Pariaman
Koto Alang
Dharmasraya
Today part of	Indonesia West Sumatra; Jambi; Riau; ;

Kandis (Mandailing Batak: ᯄ᯦ᯊᯚ᯲) was an ancient Minangkabau kingdom based in the western-central region of Sumatra island, which is part of the modern-day Indonesian regions of West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau.[1][2][3]

The kingdom of Kandis is estimated to have been established since c. 1st century BC, believed to be the oldest Minangkabau kingdom in Sumatra, as well as the Indonesian Archipelago in general. By the 13th century AD, the region once ruled by the Kandis Kingdom was still referred to as Kandis. It is mentioned as one of the Majapahit territories (Nusantara) in an Old Javanese literary work of Nagarakretagama written in 1365 by Prapanca.[4][5]

References

"The Kingdom Of Indragiri In The Reign Of Government Paduka Maulana Sri Sultan Alauddin Iskandar Syah Johan Zirullah Fil Alam (Narasinga II) in 1473-1532". Online Journal, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Riau. 4 (2): 3. 2017. ISSN 2355-6897.
Hariansah, Erik (19 March 2019). "Kandis dan Salakanagara adalah Kerajaan Tertua di Nusantara?" [Kandis and Salakanagara are the Oldest Kingdoms in Nusantara?] (in Indonesian). Attoriolong. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"Profil Daerah - PPID Provinsi Riau - Pemerintah Provinsi Riau". Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi (PPID) Riau. 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"Saujana Trowulan". Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia (BPPI). Retrieved 27 November 2020.
"Permukiman Kuna Di Kawasan Way Sekampung (Lampung) Pada Masa Śriwijaya" [Ancient Settlements in Way Sekampung during the Srivijaya era]. AMERTA, Research and Archaeology Development Journal, Balai Arkeologi Bandung (in Indonesian). 31 (2). 2013.

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[Hari_Sulistiawati,_Isjoni',_Kamaruddin'-1] "The Kingdom Of Indragiri In The Reign Of Government Paduka Maulana Sri Sultan Alauddin Iskandar Syah Johan Zirullah Fil Alam (Narasinga II) in 1473-1532". Online Journal, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Riau. 4 (2): 3. 2017. ISSN 2355-6897.

[2] Hariansah, Erik (19 March 2019). "Kandis dan Salakanagara adalah Kerajaan Tertua di Nusantara?" [Kandis and Salakanagara are the Oldest Kingdoms in Nusantara?] (in Indonesian). Attoriolong. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

[3] "Profil Daerah - PPID Provinsi Riau - Pemerintah Provinsi Riau". Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi (PPID) Riau. 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

[4] "Saujana Trowulan". Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia (BPPI). Retrieved 27 November 2020.

[Saptono,_Nanang-5] "Permukiman Kuna Di Kawasan Way Sekampung (Lampung) Pada Masa Śriwijaya" [Ancient Settlements in Way Sekampung during the Srivijaya era]. AMERTA, Research and Archaeology Development Journal, Balai Arkeologi Bandung (in Indonesian). 31 (2). 2013.