Kang Cho

When scholar-official Kim Ch'iyang burned the royal palace to the ground, threatening to kill the king and take over, King Mokjong called Kang Cho to the capital city of Kaesong. Kang immediately executed Kim Chi-yang and his supporters.

Then, the scholar officials, the enemies of Kang Cho, spread rumors and lies that the general was planning to take over the government for himself. These rumors reached the King, and he planned to kill Kang Cho. Kang Cho heard of the conspiracy and doubts of the King, and ordered his army to attack and kill all of his enemies, including the King. After assassinating King Mokjong, Kang placed King Hyeonjong of Goryeo on the throne.

Soon after this, Emperor Shengzong of Liao attacked Goryeo during the fall of 1010 in an attempt to kill Kang Cho for killing the Goryeo King. According to the Korean source, 400,000-man Liao army invaded Goryeo territory. Liao first attacked but failed to capture the fort of Hueng hwa, whose lord was General Yang Kyu.

Next, the Liao finally headed to the city of Tong-Ju, which is where Kang Cho and 30,000 Goryeo troops were waiting. Kang Cho set up an ambush on a narrow pass that the Liao army was inevitably going to have to pass. There, he directly led his troops in a three-pronged attack when the Liao came. The Liao soldiers were forced to retreat and 10,000 died during this ambush. The enemy troops again attacked Tongju city but faced a humiliating defeat with severe casualties.

The Liao commander launched another attack on the city, with Kang Cho as his main target. The Liao were defeated a third time, and were forced to retreat once more. In one last-ditch effort, the Liao army came attacking once more, but this time, Kang Cho did not directly orchestrate the attack and played baduk with one of his lieutenants instead, thinking that victory was a given. In the same time, Liao general Yelupennu led the Khitan army to attack and capture the Sanshu fortress. However, after hearing the source Kang Cho did not take any measures to defend Khitan force. Then one of Kang Cho's men told his plan to the Liao. Liao soldiers pierced through the city's defenses. After the Khitan army launched a surprise attack, the Goryeo army was defeated, finally 30,000 Goryeo soldiers were killed and Kang Cho was captured.[2] Kang refused to surrender to the Liao Emperor, who in turn executed Gang.

Kang Cho is seen as a hero. Though his rule was a time of war against the invading Liao, not many deaths were ordered by the general with the exception of King Mokjong and the conspiring scholar-officials. Kang Cho can be compared with his predecessor Yeon Gaesomun of Goguryeo, who had also killed a King of Goguryeo for conspiring against him.

Kang, however, was not as brilliant as Yeon Gaesomun, as he was not able to keep control for very long. Kang Cho did bring great victories to Goryeo over the Liao dynasty, but his death brought about another period of trouble for Goryeo, just as Yeon Gaesomun's death had done to Goguryeo. Kang Cho can be seen as a smaller-scale version of Yeon Gaesomun.

• Father: Kang Tae-ju (강태주, 康泰周)
• Daughter: Lady Kang (부인 강씨, 夫人 康氏)
  • Son-in-law: Kim Chin-yu (김진유, 金振酉)

• Portrayed by Choi Jae-sung in the 2009 KBS2 TV series Empress Cheonchu.

• Goryeo