Kappa Sigma Kappa

Kappa Sigma Kappa (ΚΣΚ) is the name of three separate college fraternities, sharing a common history and traditions but disconnected by decades and a break in organizational continuity.

Kappa Sigma Kappa
ΚΣΚ
KSK
FoundedSeptember 28, 1867 (1867-09-28)
Virginia Military Institute
Lexington, VA
TypeSocial
Member badge
Colors  Royal Purple and   Gold
FlowerPurple iris
PublicationThe Iris of Kappa Sigma Kappa
Chapters0 active
Merger 1ΦΔΘ, scattered (1886)
Merger 2ΘΞ, scattered (1962)
Restart 3scattered (1970's)
Headquarters
US
WebsiteKappa Sigma Kappa homepage

The original incarnation of Kappa Sigma Kappa was formed at Virginia Military Institute on September 28, 1867. Most of its active chapters merged into Phi Delta Theta in 1886. A larger, second incarnation sparked by the memory of the first group at the University of Virginia was formed approximately fifty years after the first merger, leading to the creation of over seventy new chapters. Many of these would later merge into Theta Xi, in 1962. Some of Kappa Sigma Kappa's chapters were unable to join in this merger due to NIC rules, leading to a third incarnation of the fraternity, but a decade later, in the late 1970's, the national organization dissipated as a formal entity. One chapter remained active until 1992.

First incarnation (1867–1886)

History

Kappa Sigma Kappa was founded at Virginia Military Institute on September 28, 1867, by four cadets:

  • John M. Tutwiler
  • James Gunnell Hurst
  • Kenneth McDonald
  • David Gamble Murrell

On that night, Cadet Tutwiler invited the three other cadets to his room where the fraternity was founded. The original name selected for the fraternity was C.E.C., but it was soon changed to Kappa Sigma Kappa. The letters "C.E.C." would continue to retain ritual significance in the new fraternity. As a result of their efforts, ten chapters had been chartered by 1885.

After the closure of several chapters, five of its remaining chapters became part of Phi Delta Theta in 1886. One chapter merged into Sigma Nu.[1][2][3]

Symbols and traditions

The badge was a gold Jerusalem cross in the center of which is a circular black enameled disc displaying the letters of the fraternity. The letters "C.E.C." are engraved on the back of every badge.

Chapter list

These are the chapters of the first iteration of Kappa Sigma Kappa, many of which left to join Phi Delta Theta in 1886. Those listed in bold continued with another organization, those listed in italics were dormant when the fraternity disbanded.[3]

Chapter Installation Date College or University Location Status Notes
Gamma 1867–1886 Virginia Military Institute Lexington, Virginia Merged (ΦΔΘ) [lower-alpha 1][4]
Epsilon 1871–1886 Washington and Lee University Lexington, Virginia Merged (ΦΔΘ) [lower-alpha 2]
Zeta 1874–1886 Virginia A&M College Blacksburg, Virginia Dormant [lower-alpha 3][5]
Delta 1875–1884 University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Dormant
Eta 1881–1886 Emory and Henry College Emory, Virginia Dormant
Upsilon 1881–1886 Randolph–Macon College Ashland, Virginia Merged (ΦΔΘ) [lower-alpha 4][lower-alpha 5]
Nu 1882–1886 University of Richmond Richmond, Virginia Merged (ΦΔΘ) [lower-alpha 6]
Rho 1883–1886 Bethel Military Academy [lower-alpha 7] Warrenton, Virginia Dormant [lower-alpha 7]
Omega 1885–1886 University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina Merged (ΦΔΘ) [lower-alpha 8]
Alpha 1885–1886 Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana Withdrew (ΣΝ) [lower-alpha 9]

Second incarnation (1935–1962)

History

Almost fifty years after the original fraternity had dissolved, a group of four students at the University of Virginia desired to form a new social fraternity in 1935. They were attracted to the Kappa Sigma Kappa badge, so they decided to revive the former fraternity as their own. After searching the University of Virginia archives, the students found the names of three members from the old Delta chapter who were still alive, including two charter members. They then discovered that one of the founders of the original fraternity, Kenneth McDonald, was still alive and living in San Francisco, California. The students made contact with McDonald, and he assisted them in redeveloping the fraternity and learning many of the original fraternity traditions. The second incarnation of Kappa Sigma Kappa was officially established in September 1935. Seven chapters of the new Kappa Sigma Kappa were established before World War II.

After the war, the fraternity placed an emphasis on expansion. New chapters were rapidly established, and members of the fraternity felt the need to become better organized on a national level. The fraternity held its first national convention in St. Louis, Missouri in 1948. National conventions continued to be held every year, but the fraternity still lacked a strong national organization. Although the fraternity had experienced great growth in the years after the war, Kappa Sigma Kappa found itself struggling by the early 1950s. It had allowed several chapters on campuses of unaccredited schools, and as a result Kappa Sigma Kappa was unable to obtain membership in the National Interfraternity Conference (NIC). As a result of its lack of NIC membership, lack of uniform chapter operations, and lack of a strong national organization and central office, Kappa Sigma Kappa began rapidly losing its chapters in the 1950s as they began to affiliate with other NIC fraternities.

Kappa Sigma Kappa saw a merger with Theta Xi as its opportunity to repair its rapidly deteriorating situation. Following a series of meetings, the national organization of Kappa Sigma Kappa officially merged with Theta Xi on August 20, 1962. As a result of the merger, twenty-one chapters of Kappa Sigma Kappa located at accredited schools became chapters of Theta Xi.[6] In addition, one further chapter of Kappa Sigma Kappa at Lawrence Technological University joined when the school was accredited.[6] Each of the chapters was given a new Greek-letter chapter designation that was prefaced by the letter Kappa.

Merger symbolism

As part of the terms of the merger, the fraternity flower of Theta Xi was changed from the white carnation to the blue iris. The Theta Xi coat of arms was modified to replace its fleurs-de-lis with upright crescents, and the fraternity pledge manual title was changed from The Theta Xi Pledge Manual to The Quest For Theta Xi.[7][8]

Chapter list

Chapters that were active at the time of the 1962 Theta Xi merger, or which had withdrawn from the national fraternity as new local chapters or to join another national fraternity, are noted in bold. Dormant chapters at that time are noted in italics. [3][9]

Chapter Dates College or University Location Status Notes
Delta 1935–1939 University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Dormant
Pi 1935–1942 Lebanon Valley College Annville, Pennsylvania Withdrew (local) [lower-alpha 10]
Pi (2) 1935–1939 Wofford College Spartanburg, South Carolina Withdrew (ΑΣΦ) [lower-alpha 11]
Beta 1937–1942 Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Dormant [lower-alpha 12]
Theta 1937–1942 Texas College of Mines El Paso, Texas Dormant [lower-alpha 13]
Iota September 5, 1939–1962 Youngstown State University Youngstown, Ohio Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 14]
Lambda 1941–1959 Waynesburg College Waynesburg, Pennsylvania Withdrew (ΘΧ) [lower-alpha 15]
Mu 1941–1958 New Mexico Highlands University Las Vegas, New Mexico Dormant
Nu 1941–1942 University of Illinois Champaign, Illinois Dormant
Kappa January 14, 1942–1962 Arkansas Agricultural and Mechanical College Monticello, Arkansas Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 16]
Upsilon 1942–1943 Randolph–Macon College Ashland, Virginia Dormant [lower-alpha 17][lower-alpha 5]
Omicron October 2, 1945–1962 Fairmont State College Fairmont, West Virginia Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 18]
Rho 1946–19xx ? University of Scranton Scranton, Pennsylvania Dormant
Xi May 1, 1946–1962 Concord College Athens, West Virginia Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 19]
Phi Delta 1946–1962 Fort Hays Kansas State College Hays, Kansas Withdrew (ΑΚΛ) [lower-alpha 20]
Sigma April 30, 1946–1962 Indiana Institute of Technology Fort Wayne, Indiana Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 21]
Tau 1946–1958 Eastern Illinois State College Charleston, Illinois Withdrew (ΠΚΑ) [lower-alpha 22]
Chi 1946–1958 Arizona State College Flagstaff, Arizona Dormant
Florida Alpha 1946–1955 University of Tampa Tampa, Florida Withdrew (ΤΚΕ) [lower-alpha 23]
Psi 1947–1962 Central Missouri State College Warrensburg, Missouri Withdrew (ΘΧ) [lower-alpha 24]
Michigan Alpha 1947–19xx ? Detroit Institute of Technology Detroit, Michigan Dormant
West Virginia Gamma April 16, 1947–1962 Morris Harvey College Charleston, West Virginia Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 25]
West Virginia Delta April 28, 1947–1962 Glenville State College Glenville, West Virginia Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 26]
Illinois Gamma June 10, 1947–1962 Western Illinois University Macomb, Illinois Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 27]
Indiana Beta December 18, 1947–1962 Ball State College Muncie, Indiana Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 28]
Maryland Alpha 1947–1974 University of Baltimore Baltimore, Maryland Withdrew (ΚΣΚ revival) [lower-alpha 29]
British Alpha 1947–1951 Northern Polytechnic Institute London, England Dormant
New Zealand Alpha 1947–1951 University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand Dormant
Tasmania Alpha 1947–1951 University of Hobart Hobart, Tasmania Dormant
California Alpha 1947–1952 Sacramento State College Sacramento, California Withdrew (ΑΣΦ) [lower-alpha 30]
Arkansas Beta November 19, 1947–1962 Henderson State Teachers College Arkadelphia, Arkansas Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 31]
Canadian Alpha 1948–1960 University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba Dormant
Michigan Beta 1948–1962 Lawrence Institute of Technology Southfield, Michigan Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 32]
Ohio Delta 1948–1954 University of Toledo Toledo, Ohio Dormant
Georgia Alpha 1948–19xx Georgia State University Atlanta, Georgia Dormant
Iowa Alpha 1948–19xx Upper Iowa University Fayette, Iowa Dormant
Ohio Epsilon May 22, 1948–1955 Cedarville College Cedarville, Ohio Dormant [12]
California Beta 1948–19xx ? Stanford University Stanford, California Dormant ? [13]
California Gamma 1948–1961 Armstrong College [lower-alpha 33] Berkeley, California Dormant [lower-alpha 33]
California Delta 1948–1951 San Jose State College San Jose, California Withdrew (ΣΦΕ) [lower-alpha 34][14]
Lambda Mu 1948–19xx Washington State University Pullman, Washington Dormant
Illinois Delta 1948–19xx ? Eureka College Eureka, Illinois Dormant [lower-alpha 35]
New York Alpha 1948–1959 University of Buffalo Buffalo, New York Dormant
Illinois Epsilon 1949–1977 Chicago Technical College [lower-alpha 36] Chicago, Illinois Withdrew (ΚΣΚ revival) [lower-alpha 36][lower-alpha 37]
Virginia [Beta ?] March 3, 1949–1962 Old Dominion University Richmond, Virginia Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 38]
New York Beta March 30, 1949–1962 Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, New York Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 39]
Michigan Gamma 1949–1954 Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan Withdrew (ΔΥ) [lower-alpha 40][16]
Ohio Zeta November 2, 1949–1962 Defiance College Defiance, Ohio Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 41]
Michigan Delta November 19, 1949–1962 University of Detroit Detroit, Michigan Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 42]
Pennsylvania Gamma 1949–1961 Widener University[lower-alpha 43] Chester, Pennsylvania Dormant [lower-alpha 43]
California Iota March 17, 1950–19xx ? University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California Dormant [19][20]
California [Zeta ?] 1950 ?–19xx ? University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Dormant [21]
Illinois Zeta 1950–19xx ?, 1974–19xx ? Quincy College Quincy, Illinois Dormant [lower-alpha 44][22][23]
New York Gamma 1950–1975 Erie County Technical Institute Buffalo, New York Withdrew (ΚΣΚ revival) [lower-alpha 37]
North Carolina Alpha September 25, 1950–1962 Lenoir-Rhyne University Hickory, North Carolina Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 45][24]
Missouri Beta 1950–1954 Saint Louis University St. Louis, Missouri Withdrew (ΔΣΦ) [lower-alpha 46]
Michigan Epsilon April 6, 1951–1962 Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 47][25]
Virginia Alpha 1951–19xx ? College of William & Mary Williamsburg, Virginia Dormant
Michigan Zeta 1951–1962 Hillsdale College Hillsdale, Michigan Withdrew (ΤΚΕ) [lower-alpha 48]
Michigan Eta May 15, 1951–1962 Ferris State University Big Rapids, Michigan Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 49][26]
Indiana Gamma 1952–1962, 1962–1966 Trine University[lower-alpha 50] Angola, Indiana Withdrew (ΚΣΚ revival)
Withdrew (ΚΣ)		 [lower-alpha 50][lower-alpha 51]
New York Delta 1952–1956 Russell Sage College Troy, New York Dormant
New York Epsilon 1953–November 1954 Alfred State College Alfred, New York Withdrew (local) [lower-alpha 52]
Michigan Gamma July 10, 1954–1962 Kettering University Flint, Michigan Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 53][27]
Rhode Island Alpha ? 1954–1960 University of Rhode Island Providence, Rhode Island Abolished (1960) [lower-alpha 54] [28]
West Virginia Eta December 2, 1955–1963 West Virginia Wesleyan College Buckhannon, West Virginia Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 55]
New York Zeta April 21, 1956–1962 Utica College Utica, New York Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 56]
Illinois Eta 1956–1961 Northern Illinois University DeKalb, Illinois Dormant [lower-alpha 57]
North Carolina Beta April 12, 1958–1962 Western Carolina University Cullowhee, North Carolina Merged (ΘΞ) [lower-alpha 58][29]
New York Eta 1958–1967 Westchester Community College Valhalla, New York Withdrew (ΚΣΚ revival) [lower-alpha 37]
New York Theta 1958–19xx ? Hudson Valley Community College Troy, New York Withdrew (ΚΣΚ revival) [lower-alpha 37]

Several chapters were noted by the Baird's Archive as forming post-merger with the support of the remaining chapters of ΚΣΚ. This was the "third iteration" of the fraternity. These are listed separately, below.

Third incarnation (1962–1992)

Seven active chapters of the former Kappa Sigma Kappa fraternity were not accepted by Theta Xi in the 1962 merger because they were located at unaccredited schools. Although their national organization had merged and was now a part of Theta Xi, these seven chapters formed a new national structure and continued to use the Kappa Sigma Kappa name. In turn, they began approving new chapters of Kappa Sigma Kappa on more campuses, often at community colleges. During the late 1970s, the national organization dissolved but the Pennsylvania Alpha chapter remained active until 1992.

Chapter list

Chapters held over into the third iteration of the Kappa Sigma Kappa or created after the merger, include the following. Those that merged or withdrew into another national organization are noted in bold, those that were dormant at the late-1970's dissolution of the national fraternity are noted in italics.[3]

Chapter Date College or University Location Status Notes
Maryland Alpha 1948–1978 ? University of Baltimore Baltimore, Maryland Dormant [lower-alpha 59][lower-alpha 60]
Illinois Epsilon 1949–1977 Chicago Technical College [lower-alpha 36] Chicago, Illinois Dormant [lower-alpha 60][lower-alpha 36]
New York Gamma 1950–1975 Erie County Technical Institute Buffalo, New York Dormant [lower-alpha 60]
Illinois Zeta ? 1950–19xx ?, 1974–19xx ? Quincy College Quincy, Illinois Dormant ? [lower-alpha 60][lower-alpha 61][22][23]
Indiana Gamma 1952–1966 Tri-State University (now Trine University) Angola, Indiana Withdrew (ΚΣ) [lower-alpha 60][lower-alpha 62]
New York Eta 1958–1967 Westchester Community College Valhalla, New York Dormant [lower-alpha 60]
New York Theta 1958–19xx ? Hudson Valley Community College Troy, New York Dormant [lower-alpha 60]
New Jersey Alpha 1962–197x ? Mercer County Community College Trenton, New Jersey Dormant
Pennsylvania Alpha 1966–1992 Spring Garden College [lower-alpha 63] Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dormant [lower-alpha 63]
Missouri Alpha 1966–197x ? Finlay Engineering College[lower-alpha 64] Kansas City, Missouri Dormant
Texas Alpha 1968–197x ? University of Corpus Christi Corpus Christi, Texas Dormant
Maryland Beta 196x–1974 Baltimore College of Commerce Baltimore, Maryland Merged (MD Alpha chapter) [lower-alpha 59]
New York Kappa Colony 1994–197x ? State University of New York, Brockport Brockport, New York Dormant

There may have been up to 30 chapters in this third iteration of the fraternity. While not listed in Baird's Archive (as of July 2022), the Quincy College Gyrfalcon yearbook of 1974 clearly notes re-establishment of ΚΣΚ on that campus that year, occurring post-merger as part of the third iteration of the fraternity. That same reference notes there being 30 chapters of the fraternity at that time. Thus some chapters may be missing from this third chapter list.[23]

Notes
  1. Chapter closed in 1886 following a ban on fraternities at VMI. Baird's Archive notes it merged into the Virginia Epsilon chapter of ΦΔΘ, which held out until 1889, also closing.
  2. Became the Virginia Zeta chapter of Phi Delta Theta in 1886.
  3. Chapter closed in 1886 following a ban on fraternities at Virginia A&M.
  4. Merged with Virginia Gamma chapter of Phi Delta Theta in 1886.
  5. A 1942 effort to restart ΚΣΚ's Upsilon chapter on the Randolph Macon campus failed a year later. Besides the University of Virginia, this was the only other school where ΚΣΚ had had a presence in both the first and second iterations.
  6. Merged with Virginia Delta chapter of Phi Delta Theta in 1886.
  7. This school closed in 1911.
  8. Merged with (or possibly, became) the North Carolina Beta chapter of Phi Delta Theta in 1886. Baird's reports the Phi Delt chapter had formed only the year prior.
  9. Charter was withdrawn in 1886. Became the Phi chapter of Sigma Nu in 1887.
  10. Chapter closed in 1942 during WWII; after the war it became a local fraternity known as Knights of the Valley.
  11. Originated as Phi Alpha Epsilon (local) in 1931. Chapter withdrew from ΚΣΚ in 1939 to become Alpha Beta Gamma (local), then joined Alpha Kappa Pi on May 18, 1940, becoming its Beta Phi chapter. This small national soon merged into Alpha Sigma Phi in 1946. The Wofford group kept that same designation going into ΑΣΦ, becoming its Beta Phi chapter.
  12. Originated as Alpha Gamma Epsilon (local) in 1934.
  13. This chapter originated as the Exemplars Club (local) in 1928.
  14. Originated as Phi Kappa Delta (local) in 1935. Became the Kappa Alpha chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  15. This chapter had its origin in Theta Psi Omega (local), formed in 1912. It became the Delta chapter of small national Phi Lambda Theta in 1938. It then joined ΚΣΚ at the dissolution of that fraternity a few years later. In 1959 it withdrew from ΚΣΚ to become Kappa Phi Nu (local?), then joined ΘΧ.
  16. Became the Kappa Beta chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  17. This chapter originated as a chapter of the Commons Club.
  18. Originated as Omicron Pi (local) in 1927.[10] Became the Kappa Gamma chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  19. Originated as Beta Sigma Mu (local) in 1932. Became the Kappa Epsilon chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  20. Originated as Phi Delta Chi (local) in 1936. Named Phi Delta chapter of ΚΣΚ in recognition of previous local. Became the Alpha Delta chapter of Alpha Kappa Lambda in 1962.
  21. Started as a colony of ΚΣΚ. Became the Kappa Delta chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  22. Originated as Mu Gamma (local) in 1946. Withdrew from ΚΣΚ in 1958 to form Chi Nu, then became Zeta Gamma chapter of ΠΚΑ in 1964.
  23. Originated as Alpha Sigma Delta (local) in 1946. Later, absorbed Tau Delta Sigma (local). Became the Epsilon Beta chapter of Tau Kappa Epsilon in 1955.
  24. Originated as Beta Beta Beta (local) in 1945. Became the Epsilon Phi chapter of Theta Chi in 1962.
  25. Became the Kappa Zeta chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  26. Became the Kappa Eta chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  27. Became the Kappa Theta chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  28. Originated as Phi Beta Omicron (local) earlier in 1947. Became the Kappa Kappa chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  29. Chapter merged into Maryland Alpha-Kappa chapter with an unnamed chapter at Baltimore College of Commerce - Kappa, somehow, as the merged name became MD Alpha-Kappa?. Chapter was not eligible for the 1962 merger with Theta Xi; it became part of the third Kappa Sigma Kappa organization.
  30. Withdrew to become Kappa Sigma Phi (local). Later, in 1961, merged into Alpha Sigma Phi.[11]
  31. Originated as Kappa Beta (local) earlier in 1947. Became the Kappa Iota chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  32. Continued as local group until October 5, 1968, when it was chartered as Kappa Chi chapter of Theta Xi.
  33. Armstrong College was a business school that closed in approximately ~1990.
  34. Withdrew to form Kappa Tau (local) in 1951. Became the CA Epsilon chapter of ΣΦΕ in 1958.
  35. Originated as Psi Alpha Lambda (local) in 1920.
  36. The Chicago Technical College ceased operations in 1977.
  37. Unable to merge, as the school was a community college or unaccredited.
  38. Became the Kappa Lambda chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  39. Became the Kappa Mu chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.[15]
  40. Originated as Zeta Delta Epsilon (local) in 1941. Reverted to its local name in 1954, then became the Western Michigan chapter of ΔΥ in 1956.
  41. Originated as Delta Sigma Kappa (local) in 1915. Became the Kappa Nu chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.[17]
  42. Became the Kappa Xi chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.[18]
  43. Widner University was known as Pennsylvania Military College until 1972.
  44. Originated as Delta Chi Delta (local) in 1947.
  45. Became the Kappa Omicron chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  46. Originated as a colony earlier in 1950. Revived the Phi chapter of ΔΣΦ after withdrawing from ΚΣΚ in 1954.
  47. Became the Kappa Pi chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  48. Became a local fraternity at the time of the 1962 Theta Xi merger, then the Iota Nu chapter of ΤΚΕ in 1963.
  49. Became the Kappa Rho chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  50. Trine University was known as Tri-State University until 2008.
  51. This chapter originated in as the Alpha chapter of Sigma Mu Sigma, a small fraternity that disbanded as a national entity in 1934 during the Great Depression, with most chapters joining ΤΚΕ. The Tri-State group did not follow its other chapters at that time. Instead, it merged into Alpha Lambda Tau in 1936. It later attempted to participate in that group's merger into Tau Kappa Epsilon in 1947 and was granted a charter, but was disallowed by NIC rules due to lack of school accreditation. (The campus ΤΚΕ chapter maintains this date for its origination, even though that later-formed group had a break in lineage.) Hence the Tri-State group continued as Tau Kappa Lambda (local) [This was possibly Tau Kappa Sigma (local), due to a typo] from 1949 to 1952. In 1952 the Tri-State chapter joined ΚΣΚ. Eight years later that fraternity sought a national merger into ΘΞ. The same accreditation situation forced the Tri-State group to again leave, continuing as one of several fractured "locals" of the third iteration of ΚΣΚ. No ΘΞ chapter name was issued for the Trine group. But four years later, in 1966 once school accreditation was secured, the Tri-State chapter became the Theta-Xi chapter of Kappa Sigma. It appears merely coincidental that this chapter took on a chapter name (Theta-Xi) that matches the eventual merger partner (ΘΞ) chosen by its former national fraternity, Kappa Sigma Kappa (that is, the second iteration). Note too, that a later re-establishment of ΣΜΣ at Tri-State, sponsored by an alumnus, would eventually merge into Acacia.
  52. Originated as Alpha Tau (local) in 1949. Chapter disaffiliated with Kappa Sigma Kappa in November 1954 to became Kappa Sigma Epsilon (local) due to the forced localization of SUNY campuses.
  53. Originated as a club, The Society for the Preservation and Prevention from Extinction of Cocoa Drinkers in America, in 1953. Became Chi Sigma Alpha (local) in July 1954. Became the Kappa Sigma chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  54. Baird's Archive places the start of this chapter in 1954 at the Pharmacy School at URI, while an earlier version of this page had it chartered in 1958. If its origin was at the pharmacy school it is reasonable to assume it moved to the main university. No specific reason for its closure is given in this reference, except "abolition" is noted.
  55. Became the Kappa Tau chapter of Theta Xi in 1963.
  56. Became the Kappa Upsilon chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  57. Originated as Delta Phi Zeta (local) in 1954.
  58. Became the Kappa Phi chapter of Theta Xi in 1962.
  59. The Baltimore College of Commerce merged with the University of Baltimore chapter in 1974, closing soon thereafter.
  60. This chapter had formed with the second iteration of the fraternity, and continued independently after the 1962 Theta Xi merger. It joined with others to re-establish Kappa Sigma Kappa for its third iteration.
  61. Originated as Delta Chi Delta (local) in 1947.
  62. Became a chapter of Kappa Sigma in 1966.
  63. School closed in 1992.
  64. Finlay College ceased operations in the latter 20th Century. A business registration for the school was maintained until 2001.

See also

References
  1. Baird, William (Ed.) American College Fraternities. 4th Ed.. (1890)
  2. Baird, William (Ed.) American College Fraternities. 5th Ed. (1898)
  3. William Raimond Baird; Carroll Lurding (eds.). "Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities (Baird's Manual Online Archive), document showing Kappa Sigma Kappa (separate subheaders for the first and second/third iterations)". Student Life and Culture Archives. University of Illinois: University of Illinois Archives. Retrieved 18 July 2022. The main archive URL is The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage.
  4. "VMI History FAQ. VMI Archives Popular Questions Series". vmi.edu. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
  5. "Social Fraternities | History of Virginia Tech | Virginia Tech". unirel.vt.edu. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
  6. "The merger - 50 years later" (PDF). The Unicorn. August 2012.
  7. Lasher, George Starr (Ed.) Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities. 7th Ed. (1957).
  8. Robson, John (Ed.) Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities. 8th Ed. (1963).
  9. Some dates from the 2013 edition of The Quest for Theta Xi
  10. Fairmont State College Mound yearbook, 1967, page 177
  11. Sacramento State University / Alpha Sigma Phi HQ
  12. Cedarville College Cedrus yearbook, 1949, p.19
  13. The Pony Express - Sacramento Junior College - April 14, 1950, page 4 Fraternity picks Pioneer Head
  14. Spartan Daily - San Jose State College - February 24, 1949 Volume 37, Number 88, p 2 "Frat Chat"
  15. "Kappa Sigma Kappa Becomes Theta Xi" (PDF). RIT Reporter. October 5, 1962. p. 1.
  16. Western Michigan University Brown and Gold yearbook, 1950, p.113
  17. See Defiance College (Defiance, OH) - Oraculum yearbook, 1963.
  18. See University of Detroit - Tower yearbook, 1953 p.215
  19. The Pony Express - Sacramento Junior College - May 12, 1950, page 4 Kappa Sigma's Slate National Convention
  20. The Pony Express - Sacramento Junior College - March 17, 1950 page 4 Fraternity Men go to Berkeley</
  21. The Pony Express - Sacramento Junior College - March 10, 1950, page 4 Frat Men hold Pledge Week
  22. Quincy College Gyrfalcon yearbook. 1959.
  23. Rechartered in 1974, post-merger? Quincy College Gyrfalcon yearbook. 1974.
  24. Lenoir Rhyne Hacawa yearbook, 1957 p.126.
  25. Wayne State Archives
  26. Ferris State University Ferriscope yearbook, 1955 p.76
  27. Chapter History - The House - Theta Xi - Kappa Sigma Chapter
  28. University of Rhode Island Renaissance yearbook, 2002, p.373, accessed 18 Jul 2022.
  29. Western Carolina Catamount yearbook, 1960 p.35
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