Karangahake Gorge

37.423676°S 175.725514°E / -37.423676; 175.725514

State Highway 2 through the gorge near Karangahake
The gorge near Waihi
Karangake Tunnel (more than 1 km long)

The Karangahake Gorge lies between the Coromandel and Kaimai ranges, at the southern end of the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand's North Island. A sharply winding canyon, it was formed by the Ohinemuri River. State Highway 2 passes through this gorge between the towns of Paeroa, Waikino and Waihi. This road is the main link between the Waikato region and the Bay of Plenty.

The East Coast Main Trunk Railway used to run through the gorge until it was bypassed by the Kaimai Deviation - and the Karangahake Gorge section is now a combined walkway and cycleway, part of the Hauraki Rail Trail.

Remains of Woodstock battery

There are also several walks and tracks starting at the Karangahake Reserve car park and picnic area; ranging from 30 minutes to over 2 hours.

Mining
"Settlement of Karangahake" including gold mining buildings in centre, circa 1916

The area has a strong connection to mining, and even in the 2010s, a number of companies have been prospecting and mining the area, though with much less visible and invasive methods than were used historically.[1]

The Talisman, Crown and Woodstock stamping battery remains at the lower end of the gorge and are some of the most significant reminders of the time. Their location at the confluence of the Waitawheta River and the Ohinemuri River was chosen to make use of the available water power of the rivers. Mining at the batteries occurred roughly from the 1880s to 1950s, with the most productive years around the turn of the century,[2] when the area produced 60 percent of the total gold from New Zealand. The batteries used to crush the ore from the extensive tunnels mined through the steep local mountainsides of the Waitawheta Gorge, with the Victoria Battery, one of the largest and most advanced at the time.[3]

Walks

At Karangahake, several walks and tracks ranging from 30 minutes to over 2 hours start at the Karangahake Reserve car park and picnic area.[2] One of the most spectacular walks in the area is the "Windows Walk", a loop walk that leads through the old gold mining tunnels of the Talisman Mine, crosses the Waitawheta River over a suspension bridge, and joins the Crown Tramway Track back along the cliffs of the Waitawheta Gorge.[4][5] The path follows the route of a bush tramway and passes by "windows" in the cliff face at the end of mining tunnels, which were used to tip tailings down into the Waitawheta Gorge. Two of the mining tunnels, which are about 2 metres (7 ft) tall and wide, are safe to enter. They end abruptly after about 50 metres (164 ft) and are home to glowworms and cave weta.

The Woodstock Underground Pumphouse in the Waitawheta Gorge is also still accessible via a short detour from the Crown Tramway Track.

The East Coast Main Trunk Railway used to run through the gorge until it was bypassed by the Kaimai Deviation. The Karangahake Gorge section of the line, including a 1100-metre tunnel,[6] is now a combined walkway and cycleway, part of the Hauraki Rail Trail, and together with the natural sights of the gorge, makes it into a well-visited local tourist attraction.[7] The railhead at the Waikino end of the gorge still exists, preserved as part of the Goldfields Railway to Waihi.[8]

Demographics

Karangahake is defined by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement and covers 6.40 km2 (2.47 sq mi)[9] and had an estimated population of 350 as of June 2023,[10] with a population density of 55 people per km2. It is part of the larger Paeroa Rural statistical area.[11]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
2006321—    
2013297−1.10%
2018321+1.57%
Source: [12]

Karangahake had a population of 321 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 24 people (8.1%) since the 2013 census, and unchanged since the 2006 census. There were 138 households, comprising 165 males and 159 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female, with 45 people (14.0%) aged under 15 years, 30 (9.3%) aged 15 to 29, 165 (51.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 75 (23.4%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 98.1% European/Pākehā, 13.1% Māori, 0.9% Pacific peoples, 0.9% Asian, and 0.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 57.9% had no religion, 27.1% were Christian, 0.9% were Buddhist and 6.5% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 39 (14.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 69 (25.0%) people had no formal qualifications. 12 people (4.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 108 (39.1%) people were employed full-time, 39 (14.1%) were part-time, and 18 (6.5%) were unemployed.[12]

Education

Karangahake School is a co-educational state primary school,[13] with a roll of 60 as of April 2023.[14][15] The school was established in 1889.[16]

See also

References
  1. Cumming, Geoff (6 March 2010). "Surgical operation for Coromandel". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  2. "Karangahake Gorge brochure" (PDF). Department of Conservation NZ. Retrieved 2014-08-19.
  3. "Historic Karangahake Gorge". Department of Conservation NZ. Retrieved 2014-08-19.
  4. "Windows Walk: Karangahake Gorge". Department of Conservation NZ. Retrieved 2014-08-19.
  5. Eagles, Jim (5 August 2010). "Karangahake: Windows into darkness". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  6. "Karangahake Gorge Historic Walkway". Department of Conservation NZ. Retrieved 2014-08-19.
  7. Clement, Diana (26 April 2011). "Coromandel: Gorge yourself". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  8. Wright, Danielle (4 June 2011). "Karangahake Gorge: Middle of the road trip". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  9. "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  10. "Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (regional councils); "Subnational population estimates (TA, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (territorial authorities); "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (urban areas)
  11. 2018 Census place summary: Paeroa Rural
  12. "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. 7010872–7010874.
  13. "Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
  14. "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  15. "Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.
  16. "Karangahake School". Ohinemuri. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
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