Karel Švenk

Karel Švenk, sometimes referred to in German as Karl Schwenk (Prague, 17 March 1917 – near Karlsberg, en route to Mauthausen, 1 April 1945), was a Czech cabaret artist, comedian, songwriter and writer. A leading figure in the cabaret at the Theresienstadt concentration camp, a "show" concentration camp for artists, Svenk was eventually sent to Auschwitz and later to Meuselwitz. He died on a death march from Kraslice about two weeks before the end of the war. Being completely exhausted and unable to continue, his friend hid him in the straw in the barn where the prisoners spent the night. It is unknown whether he died of exhaustion or was discovered by the SS and shot.

Karel Švenk

Karel's parents were Rudolf Schwenk (1880-1944) and Klara Koráleková (1882-1944), both were killed in Auschwitz concentration camp presumably shortly after their arrived on 9 October 1944. Karel had three sisters - Erna, Lili, Ottilie as well as a younger brother Otta. Only Ottilie survived the holocaust and emigrated to the US with her husband Rudolf Wenzel Köegler and son Heinrich Frederick Köegler. Ottilie died on 9 April 1996 in Ramsey County, Minnesota.

Biography

Švenk was one of the members of the avant-garde Klub zapadlých talentů (German "Klub der ungenützten Talente", "Club of Wasted Talents") in Prague.[1][2] He was one of the first artists to be deported to Terezín on November 24, 1941, and was among the 342 young Jewish men sent to prepare the previously non-Jewish camp for the Jewish artist inmates to follow.[3][4] In the autumn of 1942 he appeared in passing in the propaganda film Theresienstadt. Ein Dokumentarfilm aus dem jüdischen Siedlungsgebiet, standing with the puppeteer Otto Neumann and the dancer Kamila Rosenbaumová. Svenk was sent to Auschwitz, then to Meuselwitz. He died on a death march from Kraslice about 2 weeks before the end of the war. Totally exhausted and unable to continue he was hidden by his friend in the straw of the barn where he and the rest of the prisoners spent the night. It is not known whether he died of exhaustion or was discovered by the guards and shot.[5]

Theater

While in Theresienstadt, Švenk wrote Der letzte Radfahrer (The Last Cyclist), a comic satire of the Nazis based on the premise that some inmates had escaped from the insane asylum and decided the cyclists were the cause of the world's troubles. The show was never performed, as it was banned by the Jewish Council of Elders, but it did reach a dress rehearsal. The script was partially preserved by Jana Šedova, who played one of the romantic leads in the original. Some set and costume designs of the show also survived. The play was reconstructed by playwright Naomi Patz, and in 2017 it played at La MaMa. A film of that production, directed by Edward Einhorn, was broadcast on WNET Channel 13, a PBS affiliate, as part of Theater Close Up, in 2022. [6] [7]

Music Compositions

References
  1. Franz Peter Kien Peter Kien, Elena Makarova, Ira Rabin - 2009 "Under occupation established the Club of Needless Talents. Deported from Prague to Terezin on November 24, 1941. Deported from Prague to Terezin on November 24, 1941. One of the prime initiators of cultural activities in Terezin. In early 1942, Svenk presented the first all-male cabaret, called "The Lost Food Card", for men living in the "Sudeten" barracks,"
  2. The Terezín album of Mariánka Zadikow Marianne Zadikow May, Debórah Dwork - 2008 "In Terezin, the Germans' story of a permanent settlement had exploded in January 1942 with the first deportations from the ... them.14 Svenk's former career at the Club of Wasted Talent in Prague stood him in good stead in Terezin, where he ..."
  3. Joža Karas - Music in Terezín 1941-1945 1985 - Page 9 "The forceful evacuation of the gentile population had hardly begun when the first Jewish transport arrived in Terezin on November 24, 1941. This group of 342 young men, many of them volunteers enticed ..."
  4. Thelastcyclist.com
  5. Makarova, E., Makarov, S., Neklyudova, E., Kuperman, V. Long Live Life: On Musical and Theater Life in Concentration Camp Terezin, 1941 – 1945 (exhibition catalogue), Verba: Jerusalem, 2001.
  6. The Last Cyclist website
  7. Article about The Last Cyclist in The Times of Israel
  8. Brown, Kellie D. (2020). The sound of hope: Music as solace, resistance and salvation during the holocaust and world war II. McFarland. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-4766-7056-0.
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