Karka d-Ledan

32°19′52″N 48°07′21″E

The site of Ivan-e Kerkha, identified with the city of Karka d-Ledan

Karka d-Ledan, also known as Eranshahr-Shapur,[1] and Eran asan kar(t) Kavad,[2] was one of the four Sasanian major cities of Khuzestan.[3] It was (re)founded by King of Kings (shahanshah) Shapur II (r. 309–379) in 338,[3] who had a winter palace established there.[4] Karka d-Ledan is identified with the modern site of Ivan-e Kerkha.[5]

References
  1. Brunner 1983, p. 753.
  2. Frye 1983, p. 136.
  3. Shahbazi & Richter-Bernburg 2002, pp. 131–135.
  4. Payne 2015, p. 41.
  5. Potts 1999, p. 425.

Sources
  • Brunner, Christopher (1983). "Geographical and Administrative divisions: Settlements and Economy". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(2): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 747–778. ISBN 0-521-24693-8.
  • Frye, R. N. (1983). "The political history of Iran under the Sasanians". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20092-X.
  • Payne, Richard E. (2015). A State of Mixture: Christians, Zoroastrians, and Iranian Political Culture in Late Antiquity. Univ of California Press. pp. 1–320. ISBN 9780520961531.
  • Potts, D. T. (1999). The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–490. ISBN 9780521564960.
  • Shahbazi, A. Shapur; Richter-Bernburg, Lutz (2002). "Gondēšāpur". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. XI, Fasc. 2. pp. 131–135.
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