Katarzyna Kobro

Katarzyna Kobro (26 January 1898 – 21 February 1951)[1] was a Polish avant-garde sculptor and a prominent representative of the Constructivist movement in Poland. A pioneer of innovative multi-dimensional abstract sculpture, she rejected Aestheticism and advocated for the integration of spatial rhythm and scientific advances into visual art.[2]

Katarzyna Kobro
Katarzyna Kobro with her daughter in 1938
Born(1898-01-26)26 January 1898
Moscow, Russian Empire
Died21 February 1951(1951-02-21) (aged 53)
Łódź, Poland
NationalityPolish (naturalized)
Known forSculpting
MovementConstructivism
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1920, divorced)​

Born in Moscow to a family of mixed German and Russian heritage, Kobro immigrated to Poland in the 1920s where she produced most of her work. Together with her husband, Władysław Strzemiński, she worked on the concept of Spatiality by incorporating spatial composition as well as prefabricated elements and industrial or man-made products into sculpture.[3]

Early life

Katarzyna Kobro was born on 26 January, 1898 in Moscow, in what was then the Russian Empire, to a multicultural family.[4] Her father, Nikolai Alexander Michael von Kobro, came from a family of Baltic Germans from present-day Latvia, and her mother, Evgenia Rozanov, was Russian.[1][4]

She spent her early years in Riga, then moved with her family to Moscow in 1915. From 1917 to 1920, she studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.[5] She was a member of the Moscow Union of Artists with Kazimir Malevich, Olga Rozanova, Vladimir Tatlin, and Alexander Rodchenko, among others. In 1920, Kobro married Polish artist Władysław Strzemiński (1893–1952).[1] At the beginning of 1922, she fled to Poland and in 1924, obtained Polish citizenship.

Career

The couple established themselves in the small Polish town of Szczekociny and later relocated to Koluszki, where they worked as teachers.[1] In 1926, Kobro co-founded the Praesens Group with architects Bohdan Lachert and Szymon Syrkus, but left the group in 1929 over content differences. Kobro, Strzemiński, painter Henryk Stażewski, and poets Jan Brzękowski and Julian Przyboś then founded a.r. group, an initialization that is usually interpreted as "Revolutionary Artists" or "Real Avant-Garde".

She was instrumental in the establishment of the Museum of Art in Łódź. In 1932, she and her husband joined the Abstraction-Création group. In 1937, Kobro signed the 1936 Dimensionist Manifesto published by Jean Arp, Marcel Duchamp, and László Moholy-Nagy.[6]

Style
Strzemiński's Sala Neoplastyczna (Neoplastic Room) at the Museum of Art in Łódź featuring sculptures by Kobro.

Kobro was one of the most progressive interwar avant-garde artists. Under the influence of Constructivism, she rejected the concepts of Aestheticism, individualism and subjectivism, and instead postulated the absolute objectivism of form.[2] Her main aim was to build an abstract work of art, based on universal and objective rules discovered through experimentation and spatial analysis.[3]

Her sculpture conceptualized infinite space, which was to be seen as uniform and without focal or reference points, such as the origin of a coordinate system. Therefore, she strove to organize space in such a way that it would not be divided into space enclosed within form and excluded from it, but instead for the work to coexist with space and to allow space to penetrate it.

Legacy

Kobro's unique spatial compositions had a considerable impact on various modern artists, among others on the Belgian sculptor and painter Georges Vantongerloo whose sculptures evolved in the course of the 1920s and 1930 under the influence of Kobro's work.[7] Her works have been exhibited in museums around the world including Centre Pompidou,[8][9] Museo Reina Sofia,[10] Museum of Modern Art,[11] Moderna Museet Malmö,[12] and Whitechapel Gallery.[13]

On 12 December, 2012, the International Astronomical Union named a crater on located in the southern hemisphere of Mercury named in honor of Kobro.

On 26 January 2022, Google featured a Doodle to commemorate her 124th birthday.[14][15]

See also

References
  1. Ładnowska, Janina (2001). "Katarzyna Kobro: A Sculptor of Space". Artibus et Historiae. 22 (43): 161–185. doi:10.2307/1483659. JSTOR 1483659.
  2. "Awangarda XX w. – Katarzyna Kobro - Zintegrowana Platforma Edukacyjna". zpe.gov.pl. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  3. "Katarzyna Kobro - Biography | Artist". Culture.pl. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  4. "Katarzyna Kobro". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  5. Kitowska-Łysiak, Małgorzata. "Katarzyna Kobro". Culture.pl. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  6. "Kobro and Strzemiński. Avant-Garde Prototypes". Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  7. Wenderski, Michał (2018). Cultural Mobility in the Interwar Avant-Garde Art Network: Poland, Belgium and the Netherlands. New York: Routledge. pp. 88–90. ISBN 9781138493544.
  8. "UNE AVANT-GARDE POLONAISE - KATARZYNA KOBRO ET WŁADYSŁAW STRZEMIŃSKI". Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  9. "A Polish Avant-garde: Katarzyna Kobro & Władysław Strzemiński in Centre Pompidou". Retrieved 2018-10-27.
  10. "Kobro and Strzemiński. Avant-Garde Prototypes". Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  11. "Constructivism in Poland, 1923–1936". Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  12. "KOBRO & STRZEMIŃSKI NEW ART IN TURBULENT TIMES". Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  13. "Adventures of the Black Square: Abstract Art and Society 1915 – 2015". Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  14. Cascone, Sarah (26 January 2022). "Google Doodle Honors Avant-Garde Artist Katarzyna Kobro, Whose Revolutionary Abstract Sculptures Were Destroyed by Nazis". Artnet News. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  15. "Katarzyna Kobro's 124th Birthday". www.google.com. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
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