Katherine Franz

Franz studied at Wellesley College and earned her bachelor's degree in 1995.[1] She was a member of the Wellesley College cross country team.[2] She moved to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for her graduate studies, where she worked under the supervision of Stephen J. Lippard and completed her PhD in 2001.[1] Her research considered the nitric oxide reactivity of manganese, iron and cobalt tropocoronand ligands.[3] She was an National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellow from 2000 to 2003.[1]

Franz became an assistant professor at Duke University in 2003.[1] She is an Associate member of the Duke Cancer Institute.[4] In 2005 Franz was awarded an National Science Foundation CAREER Award. She was made a Sloan Research Fellow in 2008 and promoted to professor in 2015.[1]

Franz has investigated the use of cellular metals in antimicrobial resistance. For example, by disrupting the amount of iron in a cell it is possible to withhold an essential pathogen, limiting the growth of microbes. On the other hand, copper can be used to control the growth of microbes, and immune cells appear to move copper to kill pathogens. At the same time, pathogens try to use copper to enhance their resistance and likelihood of survival. Franz attempts to use copper in the same way as biological systems to target antimicrobial agents.[5] She has looked at iron and copper as ionophores; which are important in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.[6]

Franz also works on anti-cancer prochelators; molecules that do not have much affinity for metal ions, but can be triggered until they undergo a chemical conversion. Cancer cells have different metallomes than normal cells. For example, prostate cancer results in the overexpression of copper trafficking proteins, causing a high level of copper. She looks to target these copper ions by creating prochelators that become activated in the microenvironment of cancer.[6] Gamma-glutamyltransferase is an enzyme that is overexpressed in cancer, and releases the chelator dithiocarbamate from the prochelator developed by Franz's research group, which forms a toxic copper complex.[6][7] She works on iron chelators that can be used to remove deleterious iron in brain regions impacted by Parkinson's disease without damaging the healthy metal ions. The chelators developed by Franz have no affinity for iron until a mask is released by hydrogen peroxide, releasing a reactive oxygen species that combines with iron to form hydroxyl radicals.[6] Additionally Franz studies copper-binding peptides such as histatin. Histatin binds to copper in vitro, but it is not clear how they interact or how the anti-fungal activity is modified. The Franz group have studied the anti-fungal activity of Histatin-5 against Candida albicans.[6][8]