Fodéba Keïta

Fodéba Keïta (January 19, 1921 in Siguiri – May 27, 1969 at Camp Boiro) was a Guinean dancer, musician, writer, playwright, composer and politician. Founder of the first professional African theatrical troupe, Theatre Africain,[1] he also arranged Liberté, the national anthem of Guinea.

Fodéba Keïta
Minister of Defense
In office
1961–?
Personal details
BornJanuary 19, 1921
Siguiri, Guinea
DiedMay 27, 1969(1969-05-27) (aged 48)
Guinea
OccupationDancer, musician, writer, playwright, composer and politician

Early years

Keïta was the son of a male nurse.[2] He received his early education at the École normale supérieure William Ponty.[3]

Career

During his law studies in Paris in 1948, he founded the band Sud Jazz. Beginning in the late 1940s, he founded Théâtre Africain (later Les Ballets Africains),[4] a successful ballet group which toured Africa for six years and later became the national dance company of Guinea; then president of Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor held it in high esteem.[5] With Kanté Facély and Les Ballets Africains, he became instrumental in showcasing previously unknown Mandé performance traditions to other continents as well.[6]

After returning to Guinea, he published the poetry collection Poèmes africains (1950),[3] the novel Le Maître d'école (1952), and in 1957, Keïta wrote and staged the narrative poem Aube africaine ("African Dawn")[7] as a theatre-ballet based on the Thiaroye massacre.[8] In African Dawn, a young man called Naman complies with the French colonial rulers by fighting in the French Army only to be killed in Thiaroye in Senegal, in a dispute between West-African soldiers and white officers.[9][10] However, his works were banned in French Africa as he was considered radical and anticolonial.[3]

Politically active in the African Democratic Rally, Keïta worked closely with Guinea's first president Sékou Touré from 1956, and in 1957 was elected to the Territorial Assembly.[11] In 1961, Keïta was appointed minister for defense and security. He uncovered alleged plots against Sékou Touré, but was imprisoned in the infamous Camp Boiro, a prison he himself helped construct,[12] for alleged complicity in the February 1969 Labé Plot,[3] and was subjected to torture ("diète noire" – complete food and fluid withdrawal).

On May 27, 1969, he was shot dead without trial.[13][14]

  • An ensemble directed by Fodéba Keïta performing in Germany (1951)
    An ensemble directed by Fodéba Keïta performing in Germany (1951)

References
  1. Conteh-Morgan, John (1994). Theâtre and drama in Francophone Africa: a critical introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 53. ISBN 0-521-43453-X.
  2. Taylor, Sidney (1967). Reuters ltd (ed.). The New Africans: a guide to the contemporary history of emergent Africa and its leaders (Snippet view ed.). Putnam. p. 1967. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help)
  3. O'Toole, Thomas; Baker, Janice E. (2005). Historical dictionary of Guinea. Scarecrow Press. pp. 123–124. ISBN 0-8108-4634-9.
  4. Banham, Martin (2004). A history of theatre in Africa. Cambridge University Press. pp. 102–103. ISBN 0-521-80813-8.
  5. Onwudiwe, Ebere (2003). Afro-optimism: perspectives on Africa's advances. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 54. ISBN 0-275-97586-X.
  6. Charry, Eric S. (2000). Mande music: traditional and modern music of the Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa. University of Chicago Press. p. 348. ISBN 0-226-10161-4.
  7. Otero, Solimar; Ter Haar, Hetty (2010). Narrating War and Peace in Africa. University Rochester Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-58046-330-0.
  8. Banham, Martin; Hill, Errol; Woodyard, George William (1994). The Cambridge guide to African and Caribbean theatre. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 0-521-41139-4.
  9. Esonwanne, Uzo (1993). "The Nation as Contested Referent". Research in African Literatures. 24 (4): 49–62.
  10. Miller, Christopher L. (1990). Theories of Africans: Francophone Literature and Anthropology in Africa. University of Chicago Press. pp. 57, 166–67. ISBN 9780226528021.
  11. Legum, Colin (1961). Africa: a handbook to the continent. A. Blond.
  12. Hudgens, Jim; Trillo, Richard (2003). The rough guide to West Africa. Rough Guides. p. 547. ISBN 1-84353-118-6.
  13. African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 2001 "Research in African literatures, Volume 32"
  14. Janheinz Jahn, Ulla Schild, Almut Nordmann Seiler "Who's who in African literature: biographies, works, commentaries" H. Erdmann, 1972, ISBN 3-7711-0153-0,

Works cited

  • Iffono, Aly Gilbert: Lexique historique de la Guinée-Conakry, l'Harmattan, Paris, 1992.
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