Kenneth Muir (British Army officer)

Major Muir was 38 years old, and second in command of the 1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders during the Korean War, when the following deed took place at the Battle of Hill 282 for which he was posthumously awarded the VC:

On 23 September 1950, as part of the breakout from Pusan, the Argylls were ordered to take and hold Hill 282, near Songju, which was dominated by another higher feature, Hill 388, about 1500 metres to the west. Two companies of the battalion took the hill, but were heavily counter-attacked by superior numbers of North Koreans from Hill 388. The USAF also napalmed and machine-gunned the hill in an egregious ‘friendly fire’ incident. Muir had initially gone forward with a stretcher party to supervise the evacuation of the wounded. When the enemy started to launch a further series of attacks, Muir took command and galvanised the defence by personal example. On the hill's summit, where the fighting was most desperate, he directed fire, organised ammunition distribution, and collected the wounded into shelter, while encouraging others by his disregard for the heavy enemy fire hitting the hilltop.[2]

Eventually, with losses mounting and enemy reinforcements continually arriving from Hill 388, Muir called for an American air strike on that hill. In spite of coloured recognition panels placed on Hill 282 to mark the Argylls' position, the aircraft attacked Hill 282 in error, the Argylls suffering heavy casualties. Despite this, Muir organised a successful counter-attack on the North Koreans with the twenty or so survivors. Finally, with only fourteen men unwounded, Muir was mortally wounded while firing a 2-inch mortar himself. His last words were: 'Neither the Gooks nor the US Air Force will drive the Argylls off this hill'. His citation noted that: "The effect of [Muir's] splendid leadership on the men was nothing short of amazing and it was entirely due to his magnificent courage and example and the spirit which he imbued in those about him that all wounded were evacuated from the hill, and, as was subsequently discovered, very heavy casualties inflicted on the enemy in the defence of the crest."[2]