Keres Defence
The Keres Defence (also known as the Kangaroo Defence) is a chess opening characterised by the moves:
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| Moves | 1.d4 e6 2.c4 Bb4+ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| ECO | A40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Origin | Johann Löwenthal vs. Henry Thomas Buckle, 4th match game, London 1851 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Named after | Paul Keres | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parent | Franco-Indian Defence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym(s) | Kangaroo Defence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The opening is named after Estonian grandmaster Paul Keres.
History
This opening was known since the 1840s and was played by Henry Thomas Buckle in his fourth match game with Johann Löwenthal, London 1851.[1][2] The standard reply today, 3.Bd2, was recommended by Howard Staunton.
Discussion
White can respond 3.Nc3, 3.Nd2, or 3.Bd2. The game often transposes to a Nimzo-Indian Defence, a Dutch Defence, a Queen's Gambit Declined, an English Defence, or a Bogo-Indian Defence. 3.Nc3 is likely to transpose into one of those openings: 3...Nf6 (Nimzo-Indian), 3...f5 (Dutch; Korn gives 3...Bxc3+ 4.bxc3 f5!,[3] played by Buckle) 3...d5 (an unusual form of QGD), or 3...b6 (English). Black has the same options after 3.Nd2, except that 3...Nf6 4.Nf3 is a Bogo-Indian.
After 3.Bd2, Black can continue with 3...Bxd2+ into a line of the Bogo-Indian, and 3...a5 will also usually transpose to a Bogo-Indian when White plays Nf3. Or Black can allow White to play e4: 3...Qe7 4.e4 d5 (Black obtained a good game in Llanos–Hoffman, San Luis Clarin 1995 with 4...Nf6 5.a3 Bxd2+ 6.Nxd2 d6 7.Bd3 e5 8.d5 0-0)[4] 5.Bxb4 (5.e5 Timman–Spraggett, Montpellier 1985)[5][6] Qxb4+ 6.Qd2! Qxd2+ (if 6...Nc6 then 7.Nc3!) 7.Nxd2 with slight advantage for White.[7]
References
- Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1996) [First pub. 1992], "Keres Defence", The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 198, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
- Löwenthal vs. Buckle, London 1851 Chessgames.com
- Korn, Walter (1982). "Queen's Pawn Games". Modern Chess Openings (12th ed.). David McKay Company, Inc. p. 312. ISBN 0-679-13500-6.
- Schiller (1998), p. 227
- Timman vs. Spraggett, Montpellier 1985 Chessgames.com
- Matanović 1996 (Vol A), p. 295, note 73
- Kasparov, Gary; Keene, Raymond (1982). Batsford Chess Openings. American Chess Promotions. p. 47. ISBN 0-7134-2112-6.
Bibliography
- Matanović, Aleksandar, ed. (1996). Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings. Vol. A (2nd ed.). Yugoslavia: Chess Informant.
- Schiller, Eric (1998). Unorthodox Chess Openings. Cardoza Publishing. pp. 227–28. ISBN 0-940685-73-6.
Further reading
- Benjamin, Joel; Schiller, Eric (1987). "Keres Defence". Unorthodox Openings. Macmillan Publishing Company. pp. 68–69. ISBN 0-02-016590-0.