King's Norton and Northfield Urban District

King's Norton and Northfield Urban District was a local government administrative district in north Worcestershire, England, from 1898 until 1911.[5] Much of its area was afterwards absorbed into the neighbouring Borough of Birmingham, under the Greater Birmingham Scheme, and now constitutes most of the city's southern and southwestern suburban environs.[6]

King's Norton and Northfield
Entrance to the King's Norton Union Workhouse
King's Norton Union Workhouse
Many meetings of both the KN RDC and the KN&N UDC were held at the Union Workhouse buildings in Selly Oak
Population
 • 190157,122
 • 191181,153
History
 • OriginRural Sanitary District (1875-1894)
 • Created1894
 • Abolished1911
 • Succeeded byCounty Borough of Birmingham[1]
Bromsgrove Rural District[2]
Halesowen Rural District[3]
StatusRural District (1894-1898)
Urban District (1898-1911)
GovernmentRural District Council (1894-1898)
Urban District Council (1898-1911)
 • HQClerk's Office at 10 Newhall Street, Birmingham[4]
Seal of the King's Norton and Northfield Urban District Council
King's Norton & Northfield UDC Seal
Subdivisions
 • TypeCivil Parishes
 • Units
  1. Parish of King's Norton
  2. Parish of Northfield
  3. Parish of Beoley
Extent of the King's Norton and Northfield Urban District, 1898-1911, showing the boundaries of its constituent civil parishes of King's Norton, Northfield and Beoley; numbered 1, 2 & 3 respectively.

Creation
See also: Evolution of Worcestershire county boundaries

The District was originally created in 1894 as the King's Norton Rural District, under the Local Government Act 1894, and succeeded the former King's Norton Rural Sanitary District upon which its area was largely based. It was later reconstituted as an urban district on 1 October 1898, by the Local Government Board Order, No. 38,127,[7][8] and was accordingly renamed the King's Norton and Northfield Urban District. Both as a rural and an urban district it comprised only those civil parishes of the King's Norton Poor Law Union then wholly within the Administrative County of Worcester,[9] namely the parishes of King's Norton, Northfield and Beoley.

Governance

Electoral Wards

The District was arranged into the following wards for the election of local councillors:

King's Norton Civil Parish
  • King's Norton Ward
  • Moseley (Moor Green) Ward
  • Moseley (Wake Green) Ward
  • King's Heath (East) Ward
  • King's Heath (West) Ward
  • Stirchley (North) Ward
  • Stirchley (South) Ward
  • Rednal and Rubery Ward
  • Wythall Ward

Northfield Civil Parish
  • Northfield Ward
  • Selly Oak (East) Ward
  • Selly Oak (West) Ward
  • Bartley Green Ward

Beoley Civil Parish
  • Beoley Ward

Committees

The District Council was organised into several committees with responsibility over a number of areas:

Baths, Parks and Cemeteries Committee

When the committee was initially set up it was as the Cemeteries Committee, with a separate sub-committee that had specific responsibility for baths and parks. However, from May 1898 onwards, the Baths & Parks Sub-Committee ceased to exist and the Cemeteries Committee assumed their duties, altering its title to reflect this change.[10]

Education Committee

The committee was formed on 1 June 1903, and consisted of 40 members, of whom 28 were District Councillors.

Pensions Committee

The committee had distinct sub-committees for the following areas of the District: King's Norton & Stirchley, Moseley & King's Heath, Wythall & Beoley, Northfield, and Selly Oak.

Distress Committee

The Committee consisted of 25 members, of whom 12 were District Councillors, 8 were Guardians of the King's Norton Poor Law Union, and the remaining 5 were "persons experienced in the relief of distress".

Demography

According to the 1911 census the District had a population of 81,153, large enough to become a county borough.

Amenities and services

During its existence the District Council provided public amenities for its populace in the form of two cemeteries, two swimming baths, several parks and recreation grounds, and a handful of free libraries. The council also ran a number of elementary schools, as well as being responsible for the local volunteer fire service:

District Cemeteries
Image Name Year of opening Details
Lodge Hill Cemetery1895The site for the Cemetery at Lodge Hill in Selly Oak was initially secured by the old Rural Sanitary Authority for £3,528,[11] after which the Rural District Council oversaw the construction of two mortuary chapels and the cemetery offices, which were designed by F. B. Andrews.[12] The Cemetery opened in January 1895, but it was not until the following year that it was consecrated by the then Bishop of Worcester and Coventry, the Right Reverend John Perowne. As well as having specific burial sections for Anglicans, Catholics and Non-conformists, it also had an area exclusively for the use by the Society of Friends, in which notable members of the Quaker families of Lloyd and Cadbury were buried.[13][14]
?Brandwood End Cemetery1899The Rural District Council bought land at Brandwood End, near King's Heath, for the purpose of building a cemetery in 1895. The combined cost of the purchase price and its laying out came to £17,000, which included deep drainage work due to the area's clay subsoil. Two terracotta and red brick mortuary chapels were erected on the site, one consecrated and the other not, both designed by Brewin Holmes.[12] The Cemetery officially opened on 13 April 1899, with its first burial taking place two days later.[15]

Public Baths
Image Name Year of opening Details
Tiverton Road Public Baths1906The Baths in Bournbrook were built in 1905. Designed by E. Harding Payne, the building work was carried out by the local firm of Messrs T. A. Cole & Son.[16]
?Bournville Lane Public Baths1911Stirchley

Public Parks
Image Name Year of opening Details
Selly Oak Park1899A gift of 11½ acres of the former Weoley Park Farm estate,[17] in Selly Oak, was made to the Urban District Council by Mrs Emma J. Gibbins and her four sons, in February 1899,[18] specifically for the formation of a public park.
Cotteridge Park1905Cotteridge
Muntz Park1905Selly Park
?Victoria Common1905Northfield
?King's Heath Park1909King's Heath
?Selly Park Recreation Ground1910The land for this recreation ground[19] had originally been earmarked for housing as part of the residential development of the Selly Hill Estate (later the Selly Park Estate), but for some unknown reason the building work never commenced.[20] The main area, therefore, was acquired by the Urban District Council in April 1910, being bought from Mr W. A. Issett for £1,940, with further acreage being purchased in the December of that same year from the Martin Trustees at a cost of £3,067.[18]

Free Libraries

Proposals for the provision of Free Libraries in the District were first mooted in 1902, and following the adoption of the Libraries Acts the next year, a scheme to establish libraries throughout its area was set up.[21] Between 1905 and 1909 seven new libraries were built across the District, with the land being donated by local philanthropic businessmen and the building work funded through the benevolence of Dr Andrew Carnegie.[22]

Image Name Year of opening Details
?Bartley Green Free Library1905
King's Heath Free Library1906
?King's Norton Free Library1906
Selly Oak Free Library1906Built on land in the High Street, given by Mr Thomas Gibbins Junior of the Birmingham Battery and Metal Company in Selly Oak, in 1903, the foundation stone was laid on 1 August 1905 by Councillor E. A. Olivieri.[21] The construction work itself was paid for by the Carnegie Foundation,[23] and, at a final cost of £3,000, the Library was officially opened by Mr Gibbins on 23 June 1906.[24] The completed building comprised a Reading Room, Lending Department and Reference Department.
Northfield Free Library1906Situated in Church Road, Northfield, and costing £750 to build,[25] this small Library first opened its doors in September 1906.[26] The original building, however, was consumed by fire on 12 February 1914.[25] Believed to be the work of an arsonist, local suffragettes were reputed to have been responsible as they were active in the area,[27] and a note was found spiked on the railings outside bearing the words "Give Women the Vote" along with a small brown paper parcel containing a copy of The Great Scourge and How to End It by Miss Christabel Pankhurst,[28] apparently inscribed "To start your new library."[29][30]
Stirchley Free Library1907Located on Bournville Lane in Stirchley, the Library was built in 1907. As well as donating the land itself, George Cadbury apparently contributed £3,000 towards the building cost,[31] though much of the work also seems to have been paid for by the Carnegie Trust.[32]
?Rednal Free Library1909Built in Leach Green Lane, Rednal, the Library's foundation stone was laid on 12 June 1909 by "P. Farrell Esq." The memorial tablet declares that "The funds for the erection of this building were provided by Andrew Carnegie Esq. of Skibo Castle N.B. and the purchase money for the site was given by Messrs Edward and George Cadbury Junior".[33]

Council Schools

Until the Education Act 1902, elementary education within the District was provided through a combination of a number of voluntary schools established by religious organisations, such as the Church of England National Schools and the non-denominational British Schools, together with those schools built and maintained by the local school boards for King's Norton and Beoley, who had been set up in the wake of the Elementary Education Act 1870. Under the 1902 Act the urban district council was designated a local education authority, and thereafter assumed the duties of the former King's Norton and Beoley School Boards, which were accordingly abolished, inheriting their existing school buildings, as well as being given the power to establish new elementary schools within the area.

Image Name Year of opening Details
?Woodgate Council School1906The School was originally opened as the Woodgate British School in 1891, at the local Primitive Methodist Chapel, but passed into the control of the Urban District Council in 1906.[34] Considerable alterations to the building had taken place in 1893, as the original structure was considered inadequate, and despite further repairs carried out after its transfer it was repeatedly condemned.[35] The School was finally closed in 1914 by Birmingham Corporation, when it was replaced by the new Bartley Green Council School.[34]
?Tiverton Road Council School1906The Urban District Council opened the Tiverton Road School at Bournbrook in 1906.[34]
Raddlebarn Lane Council School1909A school was first established on Raddlebarn Lane (now Raddlebarn Road), Selly Park, in 1905.[34] It replaced the earlier Selly Oak and Bournbrook Temporary Council School, which had been set up in the Bournbrook Technical Institute.[36] The school was initially housed in some corrugated iron buildings, but work on a more permanent structure alongside began in 1906.[37] The new school opened in 1909, and a year later was reorganised into separate Boys, Girls and Infants Departments.[38]
Selly Park Council School1911The School, situated on the Pershore Road in Selly Park, opened in 1911,[39] replacing a temporary school that had existed on nearby Fashoda Road since 1904.[34] During World War I the new school was briefly used as a war hospital, caring for wounded soldiers,[40] before being returned to an educational use.[41]

Fire Service
Image Name Year of opening Details
?King's Heath Fire StationThe King's Heath Fire Brigade was first formed in 1886, and became the largest in the District.[42] Its Station was in Sliver Street, King's Heath, and in 1910 it consisted of a force of 23 members, with both a manual and a steam engine, five horse-carts and four fire-escapes.[43]
Selly Oak Fire StationThe Selly Oak Brigade had their Station at 'The Dingle', just off the Bristol Road.[44] Its captain from about 1890 had been Andrew Crump, who may be the man standing beside the driver in the accompanying photograph with braiding on his sleeve.[45]
?King's Norton Fire StationA sub-station of the King's Heath Brigade, it was located on Holly Road in 'The Cotteridge'.[46]
?Northfield Fire StationBefore the building of a Fire Station at 146 Maas Road,[47] Northfield's tender was kept in the garden of the house of the then captain, Jack Hunt, in Cock Lane[48][49]
?Moseley Fire StationThe Moseley branch of the King's Heath Brigade had their station in Tudor Road, Moseley.[50]

Abolition
Map showing those areas of King's Norton and Northfield civil parishes included within the Borough of Birmingham under the Greater Birmingham Act of 1911, coloured pink, together with those areas specifically excluded from the Borough, marked out in red, and as follows:
A. The far western tip of the Bartley Green Ward
B. The southern part of the Rednal portion of the Rednal and Rubery Ward
C. The whole of the Wythall Ward, which became a separate civil parish

The Urban District was finally abolished in 1911 as part of the provisions of the Greater Birmingham Act,[51][52] when much of its area was incorporated into the County Borough of Birmingham,[53] and thereby became associated with Warwickshire.[54] This included the greater part of the civil parish of King's Norton, with the exception of a substantial still largely rural area in the south-east of the parish, which afterwards constituted the new civil parish of Wythall,[55][56] as well as a small part of Rednal in the far south-west, which was added to the civil parish of Cofton Hackett.[57][58] It also included most of Northfield civil parish, save for a little under 200 acres at its extreme north-western tip which was transferred to the civil parish of Illey,[59][60] then part of the Halesowen Rural District.[61] It did not, however, include Beoley civil parish, which remained in Worcestershire, and which, along with Wythall, initially formed a separate rural district temporarily administered by the Bromsgrove Rural District Council, until both became part of that district on 31 March 1912.[62]

References

Notes
  1. The County Borough of Birmingham took over the governance of that part of the civil parish of King's Norton comprising the wards of King's Norton, Moseley (Moor Green), Moseley (Wake Green), King's Heath (East), King's Heath (West), Stirchley (North), Stirchley (South), and most of the Rednal and Rubery ward; as well as nearly all of the civil parish of Northfield, comprising the wards of Northfield, Selly Oak (East), Selly Oak (West), and the greater part of the Bartley Green ward.
  2. Bromsgrove Rural District assumed responsibility for the new civil parish of Wythall, comprising the former Wythall ward of King's Norton Parish, as well as the civil parish and ward of Beoley. As the civil parish of Cofton Hackett was already within this district, it also succeeded in that part of Rednal transferred to that parish from the Rednal and Rubery ward of the King's Norton parish.
  3. Halesowen Rural District succeeded only in that area of the Bartley Green ward of Northfield parish that had been transferred to Illey civil parish, which was already part of the district.
  4. This was the address of the offices of Mr Edwin Docker, Solicitor and Clerk to the Council.
  5. Youngs (1991), Local Administrative Units, Vol. II, p. 763.
  6. Those parts of the former Urban District of King's Norton and Northfield taken into Birmingham are now represented by the City's modern residential suburban districts of Bartley Green, Bournbrook, Bournville, Brandwood End, California, Cotteridge, Druid's Heath, Hawkesley, Highter's Heath, King's Heath, King's Norton, Kitwell, Lifford, Longbridge, Moor Green, Moseley, Northfield, Rednal (part of), Rubery (part of), Selly Oak, Selly Park, Shenley, Stirchley, Ten Acres, Turves Green, Wake Green (part of), Warstock, Weoley Castle, Weoley Hill, West Heath, and Woodgate.
  7. The full title of the order appears to be The County of Worcester (King's Norton and Northfield Urban District) Confirmation Order, 1898
  8. Twenty-Eighth Annual Report of the Local Government Board, 1898-99, p. 319; Census of England and Wales 1901 (63 Vict. c. 4), County of Worcester: Area, Houses and Population ... (Cd. 1293), p. 12.
  9. The District of Balsall Heath, which had originally been in Worcestershire and had constituted the most northerly part of the Parish of King’s Norton, had already been transferred to Birmingham County Borough on 1 October 1891, and accordingly for the purposes of the Local Government Act 1888 was deemed to be in the Administrative County of Warwick.
  10. Pugh (2010), The Heydays of Selly Oak Park, p. 17.
  11. Butler, Baker & Southworth (2005), Selly Oak and Selly Park, p. 98.
  12. McKenna (1992), In the Midst of Life, p. 26.
  13. Hampson (2001), Bournville and Weoley Castle, p. 42.
  14. Following Birmingham Corporation’s takeover of Lodge Hill Cemetery in 1911, it later became the site for the City’s first municipal crematorium, which was built here in 1934. Designed by the Arts & Crafts architect Holland W. Hobbiss, the crematorium opened for use in 1937; see McKenna (1992), In the Midst of Life, p. 26; Butler, Baker & Southworth (2005), Selly Oak and Selly Park, p. 98.
  15. McKenna (1992), In the Midst of Life, p. 29.
  16. Butler, Baker & Southworth (2005), Selly Oak and Selly Park, p. 92.
  17. Rowntree (1936), The Birmingham Battery and Metal Company, p. 62.
  18. Dent (1916), Public Parks and Gardens of Birmingham, p. 36.
  19. The recreation ground is generally known locally as "Selly Park Rec.", or simply "The Rec." However it is also occasionally, and erroneously, referred to as "Selly Park"; this sadly even includes R. K. Dent, who incorrectly used this name in his book, see Dent (1916), Public Parks and Gardens of Birmingham, p. 36.
  20. Selly Park Local History Group (1997), A Walk Around Victorian Selly Park, Occasional Paper No. 1 (Selly Park Local History Group, Birmingham), p. 4.
  21. 'The Library, Selly Oak', in the Souvenir Programme for the Selly Oak and Bournbrook Shopping Week Festival, May 11th to 17th, 1911, inclusive (The Selly Oak and Bournbrook Traders' and Ratepayers' Association, 1911), p. 35.
  22. In 1911, as a result of the Birmingham extension scheme, all seven libraries were transferred to the control of the Birmingham Free Libraries Committee; see The Fiftieth Annual Report of the Free Libraries Committee: April 1st, 1911, to March 31st, 1912. (City of Birmingham, Birmingham, 1912), pp. 1 & 8.
  23. Butler, Baker & Southworth (2005), Selly Oak and Selly Park, p. 94.
  24. Dowling, Giles & Hayfield (1987), Selly Oak Past and Present, p. 12.
  25. Smith (2001), Northfield Past & Present, p. 53.
  26. Caswell (1996), Northfield, p. 26.
  27. Notes on the History of the Birmingham Public Libraries: 1861-1961 (Birmingham Public Libraries, Birmingham, 1962), p. 9.
  28. Campbell (1995), The Suffragettes in Birmingham.
  29. Caswell (1996), Northfield, p. 27; Smith (2001), Northfield Past & Present, p. 53.
  30. The note is also recorded as having a slightly different wording of "For the new library"; see Notes on the History of the Birmingham Public Libraries: 1861-1961 (Birmingham Public Libraries, Birmingham, 1962), p. 9.
  31. Gumbley (1991), Bournville, p. 1.
  32. Chew (1995), Images of Strichley, p. 69.
  33. Tupling (1983), The Story of Rednal, p. 35.
  34. Hastings & Nash Society (1987), Discovering Northfield, p. 58.
  35. Stephens (1964), A History of the County of Warwick, Vol. VII, p. 544.
  36. Mouthaan & Ward (2005), Raddlebarn School, p. 4: "Foreword" by Professor Carl Chinn.
  37. Dowling, Giles & Hayfield (1987), Selly Oak Past and Present, p. 35.
  38. Stephens (1964), A History of the County of Warwick, Vol. VII, p. 527.
  39. Stephens (1964), A History of the County of Warwick, Vol. VII, p. 538.
  40. Butler, Baker & Southworth (2005), Selly Oak and Selly Park, p. 8594.
  41. The school buildings are now home to the Selly Park Technical College for Girls Archived 31 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
  42. Green (1998), King's Heath, p. 63.
  43. 'Birmingham Official Directory', Kelly's Directory of Birmingham (including the Suburbs and the Boroughs of Smethwick and Aston Manor, with a Plan engraved expressly for the work, 1911, (Kelly's Directories Ltd, London), p. 1139: entry for "King's Heath Volunteer Fire Brigade" under the section for "Fire Brigades".
  44. Butler, Baker & Southworth (2005), Selly Oak and Selly Park, p. 93.
  45. Dowling, Giles & Hayfield (1987), Selly Oak Past and Present, p. 11.
  46. 'The Suburbs of Birmingham', Kelly's Directory of Birmingham (including the Suburbs and the Boroughs of Smethwick and Aston Manor, with a Plan engraved expressly for the work, 1911, (Kelly's Directories Ltd, London), p. 356: entry for "King's Heath Volunteer Fire Brigade" under "Public Establishments" in section for "King's Norton".
  47. 'The Suburbs of Birmingham', Kelly's Directory of Birmingham (including the Suburbs and the Boroughs of Smethwick and Aston Manor, with a Plan engraved expressly for the work, 1911, (Kelly's Directories Ltd, London), p. 358: entry for "Fire Engine Station" under "Public Establishments" in section for "Northfield".
  48. Smith (2001), Northfield Past & Present, p. 63.
  49. Cock Lane is now called Frankley Beeches Road.
  50. 'Birmingham Professional and Commercial Directory', Kelly's Directory of Birmingham (including the Suburbs and the Boroughs of Smethwick and Aston Manor, with a Plan engraved expressly for the work, 1911, (Kelly's Directories Ltd, London), p. 694: entry for "King's Norton & Northfield Fire Station, Moseley Branch".
  51. The full title of the Act is 1 & 2 George V, c. xxxvi: An Act to confirm a Provisional Order of the Local Government Board relating to Birmingham, though it is regularly referred to by its short title of the Local Government Board's Provisional Order (1910) Confirmation (No. 13) Act 1911.
  52. The Act attained Royal Assent on 2 June 1911; see Journals of the House of Lords, Beginning Anno Primo Georgii Quinti, Including the Sittings for Judicial Business during the Prorogation, 1911-12, Volume CXLIII [143], p.236; Journals of the House of Commons, From January 31st, 1911, In the First and Second Years of the Reign of King George the Fifth, to December the 16th, 1911, Session 1911, Vol. 166, p. 263.
  53. The actual Local Government Board's order is termed the Birmingham (Extension) Order, 1911. It partly came into operation on 9 November 1911, and was fully in force from 1 April 1912.
  54. Stephens (1964), A History of the County of Warwick, Vol. VII, p. 3.
  55. Youngs (1991), Local Administrative Units, Vol. II, pp. 482 & 493; Stephens (1964), A History of the County of Warwick, Vol. VII, p. 21; Goodger (1990), Kings Norton, p. 46.
  56. Later boundary alterations in 1966 actually transferred a small part Wythall civil parish to the City of Birmingham. The area in question, lying to the north of Hollywood, became the southern half of the Highter's Heath district; see Jones (1975), Maps of Birmingham, pp. 59-61, especially the relevant map.
  57. Youngs (1991), Local Administrative Units, Vol. II, pp. 475 & 493; Stephens (1964), A History of the County of Warwick, Vol. VII, p. 21; Goodger (1990), Kings Norton, p. 46.
  58. Conversely the 1966 boundary changes actually led to the most northerly part of the civil parish of Cofton Hackett, the area around Cofton Common, being absorbed into the City of Birmingham; see Jones (1975), Maps of Birmingham, pp. 59-61, particularly the relevant map.
  59. A number of publications incorrectly state this area was transferred to Lapal civil parish: Page & Willis-Bund (1913), A History of the County of Worcester, Vol. III, p. 194, which also wrongly calls it "the Bartley Green area" (This exact phrase does appear in the Act itself, but in the context of referring to only that part of the Bartley Green ward of Northfield parish that was excluded from the Borough of Birmingham, and was accordingly illustrated as such on the accompanying maps. The phrase, however, has been misinterpreted and its use in the County History of Worcestershire is consequently misleading, in as much as whilst the area in question was part of the Bartley Green ward, it was merely open agricultural land that lay some distance to the west of the actual settlement of Bartley Green, which was, in fact, incorporated into Birmingham under the Act); Stephens (1964), A History of the County of Warwick, Vol. VII, pp. 21-22; and Hastings & Nash Society (1987), Discovering Northfield, p. 1, which appears to simply follow the County History of Warwickshire in this.
  60. The subsequent boundary changes in 1966 resulted in some of this originally excluded area, along with parts of the neighbouring civil parish of Lapal to its north, being transferred to the City of Birmingham. This later addition included the western parts of what had become the districts of Moor Street and Woodgate, with the modern boundary thereafter running along the eastern edge of the M5 motorway as far south as Kitwell; see Jones (1975), Maps of Birmingham, pp. 59-61, especially again the relevant map.
  61. Census of England and Wales 1911 (10 Edward 7 and 1 George 5, Ch. 27), Vol. I, Administrative Area; Counties, Urban and Rural Districts, &c. (Cd. 6258), p. 338; Youngs (1991), Local Administrative Units, Vol. II, p. 485.
  62. Youngs (1991), Local Administrative Units, Vol. II, p. 473.

Bibliography
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  • Campbell, Norma (1995), The Suffragettes in Birmingham, (St Alban's CE School, Birmingham)
  • Caswell, Pauline (1996), Northfield, Images of England, (Tempus Publishing Limited, Stroud), ISBN 0-7524-0679-5
  • Chew, Linda (1995), Images of Stirchley: A Collection of photographs and memories, (Linda Chew, Birmingham), ISBN 0-9526823-0-3
  • Dent, Robert Kirkup (1916), Public Parks and Gardens of Birmingham: History and Description of the Public Parks, Gardens, and Recreation Grounds, (Birmingham Parks Committee, Birmingham)
  • Dowling, Geoff; Giles, Brian; Hayfield, Colin (1987), Selly Oak Past and Present: A Photographic Survey of a Birmingham Suburb, (Department of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham), ISBN 0-7044-0912-7
  • Goodger, Helen (1990), Kings Norton, (K. A. F. Brewin Books, Studley), ISBN 0-947731-62-8
  • Green, Margaret D. (1998), King's Heath, Images of England, (Tempus Publishing Limited, Stroud), ISBN 0-7524-1555-7
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  • Youngs, Frederic A. (1991), Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Volume II: Northern England, Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks No. 17, (Royal Historical Society, London), ISBN 0-86193-127-0

52.416°N 2.160°W / 52.416; -2.160

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