Kiril Živković

Kiril Živković also spelled Kiril Zhivkovich (Bulgarian: Кирил Живкович, Serbian Cyrillic: Кирил Живковић; Pirot, Ottoman Empire, 1730 – Pakrac, Habsburg Empire, 1807) was a writer and Orthodox bishop.

Kiril Živković
Portrait of Kiril Živković by Arsenije Teodorović, 1799
Born1730
Pirot, Ottoman Empire (now Serbia)
Died1807 (aged 77)
Pakrac, Habsburg Empire (now Croatia)
Occupation(s)monk, bishop, writer
Notable work
TitleBishop of Pakrac
Term1786–1807
PredecessorPavle Avakumović
SuccessorJosif Putnik

Biography

Živković was a Bulgarian-born writer and Serbian Orthodox bishop.[1][2][3] According to himself, he was born "in the city of Pirot, in Bulgarian lands, in the year 1730".[4] Pirot at the time was part of the Sanjak of Niš of the Ottoman Empire (now in Serbia, then called Bulgaria).[5] As a seven-year-old, he fled with his parents to the village of Futog in Bačka in the Habsburg Empire (now in Serbia), where he was ordained as the priest of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć.[6] At that time the Patriarchate of Peć had in fact no pure ethnic nature,[7] and included not only Serbs, but also Bulgarians.[8] Afterwards Zhivkovich became a monk at the Bulgarian Orthodox Zograf Monastery on Mount Athos (now in Greece).[9] He travelled and studied throughout the Balkans, Austria, Russia, and Italy. In 1778 he was elevated to the rank of abbot (archimandrite) by Metropolitan Vićentije Jovanović Vidak. That same year he was put in charge of Grgeteg monastery. Eight years later, on the 20th of June 1786, Metropolitan Mojsije Putnik of Sremski Karlovci made him Bishop of the Serbian Orthodox Pakrac eparchy, a position he would hold from 1786 to 1807.[10] He published two books the Austrian Empire: in Vienna in 1794: Domentijan and The Lives of Serbian Saints and Enlighteners Simeon and Sava,[11][12] and a redaction of John Damascene writings in Buda in 1803.[13] He also left behind several unpublished manuscripts. He died on 12 August 1807 in Pakrac, Habsburg Empire (now in Croatia).[14][15]

Language

Most prominent from his unpublished writings is the Manuscript from Temska Monastery. This manuscript is an important document in that it renders the state of the little documented Torlakian dialects from 1764 written, according to the author, in "simple Bulgarian language".[16] In fact during, the 19th century, the Torlakian dialects were often called Bulgarian.[17]

See also

References
  1. Българинът Кирил Живкович от Пирот прави приноси на български език към сръбската литература. Ivan Bogdanov, Kratka istoria na bŭlgarskata literatura. Stara bŭlgarska literatura. Literatura na Vŭzrazhdaneto. Volume 1., Narodna prosveta, 1969, str. 213.
  2. Българинът от Пирот Кирил Живкович става епис­коп Пакрачки и напечатва през 1794 г. във Виена житие на Светите сръбски просветители Симеон и Сава.Стоян Райчевски, Нишавските българи, Издателство „Балкани“, Поредица „Памет“. София 2004, ISBN 9548353792, стр. 136.
  3. В историята на южнославянското възраждане ние срещаме и други българи от XVIII в., които се грижат за сръбската просвета, като Панкрацкият епископ Кирил Живкович. Боян Пенев, Начало на Българското възраждане, 5-то издание, изд. Кама, 2005, стр. 43.
  4. „рожден в Пироте в пределе Болгарии 1730 лета" в Нешев, Георги. Борба за извоюване на църковнонационална независимост, – в: Палешутски, К., Огнянов, Л., Манчев, К., Василев, В., Данчева-Василева, А., Тодев, И., Нешев, Г., Дойнов, С., Куманов, М., Каймакамова, М., Мечев, К. и Койчева, Е. 681–1948. Из историята на българския народ и държава. Изследвания, анализи, преоценки. София: Издателство «Пеликан Алфа». 1993.
  5. In Ottoman usage the Sanjak of Niš was included in an area designated as Bulgaria ("Bulgaristan"). For more: Mark Pinson, Ottoman Bulgaria in the First Tanzimat Period — The Revolts in Nish (1841) and Vidin (1850), p. 103; Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 11, No 2 (May, 1975), pp. 103-146.
  6. Сава (Вуковић), епископ шумадијски, Настојатељи манастира Гргетега, Манастир Гргетег. Прилози монографији, Нови Сад 1990, pp. 9—39.
  7. Anscombe, Frederick F. (2014). State, Faith, and Nation in Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Lands. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 110772967X, p. 151.
  8. Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (2005). When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0472025600, p. 542-543.
  9. Българският език през ХХ век, Василка Радевар Pensoft Publishers, 2001, ISBN 9546421138,
  10. Srpska pravoslavna crkva (Serbian Orthodox Church) (1991), Serbian Orthodox Church: its past and present, Volume 8 (in Serbian), Serbian Patriarchy, p. 97, Епископ Кирил Живковић ( 1 786 — 1 807) више од две деценије управљао је Пакрачком епархијом и његовом заслугом Епископска књижница у Пакрацу је ...
  11. М. Грујић, Пакрачка епархија, Нови Сад 1930
  12. Начало на Българското възраждане, Боян Пенев, Кама, 2005, стр. 43.
  13. "Кирил Живковић - ИСТОРИЈСКА БИБЛИОТЕКА".
  14. Българскиият език през 20-ти век, Василка Радева, Pensoft Publishers, 2001, ISBN 954-642-113-8, стр. 280.
  15. Ј. Радонић—М. Костић, Српске привилегије од 1690 до 1792, Београд 1954
  16. „Из душевного обреда в’ неделных днех слова избрана. На прости язык болгарскій“ ("Selected words from the weekly mental rituals. In simple Bulgarian language"), 1764.
  17. Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie, Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world, Elsevier Science, 2008, ISBN 0-08-087774-5, pp. 119–120.

Sources
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