Kongo languages
The Kongo languages are a clade of Bantu languages, coded Zone H.10 in Guthrie's classification, that are spoken by the Bakongo:
- Beembe (Pangwa, Doondo, Kamba, Hangala), Ndingi, Kunyi, Mboka, Kongo, Western Kongo, Laari (Laadi), Vili, Yombe, Suundi
| Kongo | |
|---|---|
| Kikongo | |
| Linguistic classification | Niger–Congo? |
| Glottolog | kiko1235 |
 Map of the area where Kongo and Kituba as the lingua franca are spoken. | |
Languages
Glottolog, based on Koen Bostoen (2018, 2019),[1][2][3] classifies two dozen languages of the Kongo language cluster as follows:
- Kikongo language cluster
These are closest to Mbuun, Ngongo and Nsong-Mpiin.[4]
References
- Bostoen, Koen and de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice. 2018. Seventeenth-century Kikongo is not the ancestor of present-day Kikongo. In Bostoen, Koen and Brinkman, Inge (eds.), The Kongo kingdom: the origins, dynamics and cosmopolitan culture of an African polity, 60-102. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Bostoen, Koen and de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice. 2018. Langues et évolution linguistique dans le royaume et l’aire kongo. In Clist, Bernard-Olivier and de Maret, Pierre and Bostoen, Koen (eds.), Une archéologie des provinces septentrionales du royaume Kongo, 51-55. Oxford: Archaeopress.
- Pacchiarotti, Sara and Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia and Bostoen, Koen. 2019. Untangling the West-Coastal Bantu mess: identification, geography and phylogeny of the Bantu B50-80 languages. Africana Linguistica 21. 87-162.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "KLC Extended". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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