Korravai

Kotṟavai (Tamil: கொற்றவை, Koṟṟavai), also spelled Kotravai or Korravai, is the goddess of war and victory in the Tamil tradition. She is also the mother goddess and the goddess of fertility, agriculture, and hunters. In the latter form, she is sometimes referred to by other names and epithets in the Tamil tradition of Tamilnadu and Sri Lanka, such as Atha, Mari, Suli, and Neeli.[1][2] She is considered as Mother of Tamil god Murugan in the Tamil traditions of Tamilnadu and Sri Lanka.

Korravai atop the beheaded buffalo-demon Mahishasura, from a 10th-century Tamil temple.

Kottravai at peruvudayar temple, Thanjavur

She is merged with the Hindu goddess of power, Parvati[3] in the mythologies created in later centuries.

She is among the earliest documented goddesses in the Tamil Sangam literature, and also found in later Tamil literature. She is mentioned in the many poems in Paripāṭal , though the dedicated poem to her in among those that have been lost to history.[4][5] She is mentioned in the Pattuppattu anthology – the long Tamil poems dated between 300 BCE to 300 CE, including the Neṭunalvāṭai, Maturaikkanci, Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai, and Paṭṭiṉappālai.[6] In the Tamil epic Silappadikaram (c. 2nd-century), she is said to be the goddess of the Pālai region.

Her name is derived from the Tamil word korram, which means "victory, success, bravery".[7] The earliest references to Kotravai are found in the ancient Tamil grammar Tolkappiyam, considered to be the earliest work of the ancient Sangam literature.

She is also seen as a mother goddess, a symbol of fertility and success in agriculture.[8] Traditional rural communities offer the first harvest to her.[9] As war goddess who is blood thirsty, some texts such as the Silappadikaram and Agananuru mention that warrior devotees would, in a frenzy, offer their own head to the goddess.[9]

Standing Durga-Korravai in Varaha mandapa.

In Tamil Nadu, the blackbuck (Kalaimaan) is considered to be the vehicle of the Tamil goddess Korravai [10][11] She is sometimes shown as riding a lion, as in the 7th-century mandapam of the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu. Both the lion and blackbuck is shown with a standing Korravai in a rock-relief panel at the Varaha mandapam of Mahabalipuram.[12]

She is depicted as a deity with several arms holding different weapons. She is said to be mother of the Tamil god Murugan. Animal sacrifices and dancing rituals are a part of the worship of this goddess.