Šilutė

Šilutė (pronunciationⓘ; previously Šilokarčiama; German: Heydekrug) is a city in the south of the Klaipėda County in western Lithuania. The city was part of the Klaipėda Region and ethnographic Lithuania Minor. Šilutė was the interwar capital of Šilutė County and is currently the capital of Šilutė District Municipality.

Šilutė
City
Lutheran church in Šilutė
Lutheran church in Šilutė
Flag of Šilutė
Flag
Coat of arms of Šilutė
Coat of arms
Šilutė is located in Lithuania
Šilutė
Šilutė
Location of Šilutė
Coordinates: 55°21′N 21°29′E
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionLithuania Minor
County Klaipėda County
MunicipalityŠilutė district municipality
EldershipŠilutė eldership
Capital ofŠilutė district municipality
Šilutė eldership
First mentioned13th century
Granted city rights1941
Population
 (2020)
 • Total14,968
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
ClimateDfb

Name

Šilutė's origin dates to an inn (Krug, locally karčema) catering to travelers and their horses which was located halfway between Klaipėda and Tilsit (Tilžė). The German name of Heydekrug referred to a Krug (an archaic word for inn) in the Heide (heathland). The inn was known for being in the region where most people spoke the Memelland-Samogitian dialect Šilokarčema.

History
Hugo Scheu Manor

A famous fish market was opened in Šilutė almost 500 years ago, when Georg Tallat purchased the inn together with the land and fishing rights in 1511. The town was a gathering place for peasants from nearby Samogitia and Curonian and Prussian fishermen from Rusnė, Karklė, Nida, and Lesnoye. Next to the inn a church of Werden (Verdainė) was built in 1550. It was a part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as a fief of Poland, held by the Teutonic Knights[1] and secular Ducal Prussia.

From the 18th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Heydekrug often sought town rights, but was opposed by Memel (Klaipėda) and Tilsit in 1721 and 1725. In 1722 it became a district center and in 1818 the capital of Landkreis Heydekrug, a predominantly Lithuanian-inhabited district in the late 19th century.[2] From 1863, a Lithuanian newspaper was issued in the settlement.[3] In the late 19th century, the settlement had a partly Lithuanian population of 2,042, which was mostly employed in agriculture, fishing and timber rafting.[3] Several annual fairs were held there.[3] Among the goods sold at the fairs were fish (e.g. to Warsaw and Saint Petersburg), pigs (to Berlin), vegetables, cattle, horses. The settlement was amalgamated with the villages of Werden (Verdainė), Szibben (Žibai), and Cynthionischken (Cintjoniškiai) in 1910, although it still did not receive city rights. Following World War I, the town became part of Lithuania when it acquired the Klaipėda Region in 1923.

Post office of Šilutė (1905)

The town was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1939 when it reacquired the Memel Territory. In 1941 the town finally received city rights. Under German occupation during World War II, it was the location of several German prisoner-of-war camps for Allied POWs of various nationalities, incl. the Stalag 331 C/I-C and Stalag I-D camps for regular soldiers,[4] the Stalag Luft VI camp for airmen, and the Oflag 53 camp for officers.[5]

Architecture
Fridrichas Bajoraitis library
A house in Šilutė

There remain many old buildings in Šilutė: an old post office (1905), a fire station (1911), a court building and prison (1848), a bridge across the Sziesze (Šyša) (1914), an estate of H. Scheu (1818), an old market square, a harbor, railway station and a bridge (1875), and the Vydūnas gymnasium.

Economy

The town, which is a regional center, has a well-developed infrastructure. There is an amateur theatre, a museum, three churches, a few hotels, and many cafés, restaurants, and bars. There are large industrial enterprises in Šilutė as well: Šilutės Rambynas (1842), producing butter and cheese, is one of the oldest factories in the area; Šilutės Baldai (1890); and Šilutės Durpės (1882) which exports approximately 50,000 m3 of peat. Newly founded enterprises are also prospering: Šilutės Girnos (combined fodder); Žibai; Grabupėliai (meat processing); and EKSA, a subsidiary of the alcohol producer Stumbras. To speed up capital investments, the region council has established land tax bonuses for investors.

Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania

Šilutė is twinned with:[6]

Notable people

Climate

Šilutė has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb).

Climate data for Šilutė (1961−1990 normals, extremes 1949−1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6)		 15.2
(59.4)		 20.9
(69.6)		 25.3
(77.5)		 30.9
(87.6)		 34.4
(93.9)		 33.7
(92.7)		 34.1
(93.4)		 31.8
(89.2)		 25.6
(78.1)		 17.4
(63.3)		 12.0
(53.6)		 34.4
(93.9)
Average high °C (°F) −1.3
(29.7)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 3.9
(39.0)		 10.5
(50.9)		 17.3
(63.1)		 20.7
(69.3)		 21.6
(70.9)		 21.2
(70.2)		 17.0
(62.6)		 11.5
(52.7)		 5.3
(41.5)		 1.1
(34.0)		 10.7
(51.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.8
(25.2)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 0.3
(32.5)		 5.7
(42.3)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.3
(59.5)		 16.7
(62.1)		 16.3
(61.3)		 12.4
(54.3)		 8.0
(46.4)		 2.9
(37.2)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 6.8
(44.2)
Average low °C (°F) −6.8
(19.8)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 −2.9
(26.8)		 1.6
(34.9)		 6.4
(43.5)		 10.2
(50.4)		 12.0
(53.6)		 11.5
(52.7)		 8.3
(46.9)		 4.7
(40.5)		 0.8
(33.4)		 −3.9
(25.0)		 3.0
(37.3)
Record low °C (°F) −33.2
(−27.8)		 −34.2
(−29.6)		 −25.1
(−13.2)		 −12.9
(8.8)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −2.7
(27.1)		 2.7
(36.9)		 1.5
(34.7)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 −10.4
(13.3)		 −22.9
(−9.2)		 −25.0
(−13.0)		 −34.2
(−29.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48
(1.9)		 34
(1.3)		 39
(1.5)		 37
(1.5)		 48
(1.9)		 65
(2.6)		 95
(3.7)		 93
(3.7)		 96
(3.8)		 83
(3.3)		 91
(3.6)		 68
(2.7)		 797
(31.5)
Source: NOAA[7]

References
  1. Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish and Latin). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. pp. 96–97, 214–215.
  2. Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1892. p. 110.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1892. p. 109.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. "German Camps". Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  5. "German Oflag Camps". Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  6. "Savivaldybės partneriai". silute.lt (in Lithuanian). Šilutė. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  7. "Silute Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
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