Kukuruza

The band began as a student "collective".[3] In 1975, students Sergei Senchilo (acoustic guitar) and Czech student Vladimir Ambros (harmonica) got together to play songs of United States, England, and Scotland.[8] By the next year, they had attracted others, and were calling the group Ornament.[8] Ornament lasted until about 1983. Beginning in 1984, some of its members continued to play together under the new name Kukuruza.[9][10]

They began their interest in western music before the end of the Cold War. Their early adaptation of western music in the years before perestroika was difficult and dangerous, because western music was suspect (possibly illegal) in the Soviet Union.[2][11][12] Facing bans for playing "music of the ideological enemy," they pursued their musical interests in the mid-1980s, attending music festivals and recording their first album, We Sing in English, which was not one of their bluegrass albums.[13]

The Soviet Union gradually loosened official resistance to western music and some western bands were able to tour.[14] After seeing performances by Roy Clark (who visited Russia in 1976 and 1988) and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band (who toured Russia in 1977), the students who would become Ornament and Kukuruza looked for music that they could access to learn from.[2][15][14] They learned the bluegrass style by listening to Czech bands, and to American performances through banned Voice of America shortwave radio broadcasts and black-market second-hand records.[2]

Bluegrass has specific instruments, some of which were rare in Russia. Others were present, but not played in the bluegrass style there. They chose western instruments and taught themselves to use them, dobro, banjo, mandolin, fiddle and guitar, as well as electric guitar.[16] Not being in the United States, they didn't have the bluegrass community's artistic pressure to conform to use only acoustic instruments. They adapted electric guitar into their mix, perhaps led by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, whom they had seen in concert, who also used electric guitar in some of their music. Learning the style on their own, they successfully blended it with Russian music.[17][18] They began a process of fusing east and west. Songs such as John Hartford's 1971 progressive bluegrass "Vamp in the Middle" were translated and adapted, using bluegrass instruments to create the sound but blending with Russian vocals. Similarly they applied western instruments (electric guitar, banjo, mandolin, fiddle) to a Russian jazz work, Leonid Utesov's "The Old Cabby's Song". Russian folk songs were adapted too, and one of the band, Andrei Shepelev, proved to be a songwriter as well. He was credited as writing or adapting many of their pieces on the albums made in the United States.

When the 1998 record, Endless Journey was released, the president at Gadfly Records, Mitch Cantor, commented on the group's style.[19] He said that he didn't think of them as a bluegrass band, but a group with a "unique juxtaposition of styles," able to switch between Russian traditional, jazz and bluegrass styles of music, yet still maintain their own sound.[19]

The band made tours to the United States in the early 1990s. During the release of their second record made in the United States, Crossing Borders, they performed at the Grand Ole Opry, and were on the television show Nashville Now.[20]

They were given the opportunities to work with county music performers Emmylou Harris, Doc Watson and Jerry Douglas, the latter of whom performed on their Crossing Borders album.[21]

1975, pre-Ornament

Sergei Senchilo (acoustic guitar)

Vladimir Ambros (harmonica), Czechoslovakia

Ornament (1976–1983)

The members of the group had graduated from undergraduate studies by 1981. In 1983 the group ended.

Sergei Senchilo – bandleader, vocals, acoustic guitar (1975– )

Dmitry Sukhin – piano

Vladimir Galperin – violin (1976)

Sergei Bondarenko – acoustic guitar (1976–1978)

Vladimir Ambros – violin, banjo, mandolin, lip accordion, Czechoslovakia (1976–1980)

Eva Kovacs – vocals, less than one year, Hungary

Georgy Palmov (beginning fall 1976) – clarinet and block-flute, mandolin, guitar, lip-organ

Andrey Shepelev – 5-string banjo (1978–1994)

Rostislav Prisekin – bass guitar (1979–1980)

Dmitry Sukhin – sound engineering, (1980– )

Larisa (Nuzhdova) Grigorieva – vocalist (c.1980–c.1989)

Karel Wahh Ukrainian guitar, Czechoslovakia (c.1980– )

Kukuruza 1984/1985

Larisa (Nuzhdova) Grigorieva – lead vocals

Andrei Shepelev – banjo

Vladimir Larshin – violin

Rostislav Prisekin – acoustic guitar, harmonica

Alexander Tarev – double bass

Bari Alibasov

Georgy Palmov

Sergei Mosolov – double bass

• Irina Surina
• Andrei Shepelev
• Grassmeister, a band associated with Andrei Shepelev and Irina Surina
• Kukuruza in 1986, lead singer Larisa Grigorieva.
• Kukuruza in the early 1990s, lead singer Irina Surina.
• Kukuruza today, lead singer Svetlana Shebeko.