Kula, Serbia

Kula (Serbian Cyrillic: Кула, Rusyn: Кула, Hungarian: Kúla) is a town and municipality located in the West Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 17,866, while the municipality has a population of 43,101.

Kula
Кула (Serbian)
Кула (Rusyn)
Town and municipality
Kula
Coat of arms of Kula
Coat of arms
Location of the municipality of Kula within Serbia
Location of the municipality of Kula within Serbia
Coordinates: 45°36′N 19°32′E
Country Serbia
Province Vojvodina
RegionBačka
DistrictWest Bačka
MunicipalityKula
Settlements7
Government
 • MayorDamjan Miljanić (SNS)
Area
[1]
 • Municipality481 km2 (186 sq mi)
Elevation
88 m (289 ft)
Population
 (2011 census)[2]
 • Town
17,866
 • Municipality
43,101
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
25230
Area code+381 25
Car platesSO
Websitewww.kula.rs
Map of Kula municipality

Name

In Serbian, the town is known as Kula (Кула); in Rusyn as Кула, in Hungarian as Kúla, in Croatian as Kula, in German as Kula or Wolfsburg, and in Turkish as Kula.

The name Kule means "tower" in Turkish and Serbian. In the 16th-17th century, a tower with Ottoman military garrison existed at this location, hence the name of the town. However it cannot be said for sure whether Ottoman Turks or local Serbs gave this name to the town.

History

In the middle of the 17th century, during Ottoman administration, two settlements with this name were mentioned - Gornja Kula and Donja Kula. These settlements were part of the Ottoman Sanjak of Segedin and were populated by ethnic Serbs. From the end of the 17th century, the region was under administration of the Habsburg monarchy and two settlements were mentioned as Mala Kula and Velika Kula and were unpopulated. In 1714, there was a record about a single settlement named Kula that had 14 houses. In 1733, the population of the settlement numbered 251 houses and its inhabitants were Serbs. Hungarians started to settle there in 1740 and Germans in 1780 to 1785.

Until the middle of the 19th century, the settlement was part of the Batsch-Bodrog County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. In 1848-1849 it was part of the autonomous Serbian Vojvodina and from 1849 to 1860, it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, a separate Habsburg crownland. After the abolishment of the voivodeship in 1860, the settlement was again included into Batsch-Bodrog County. In the second half of the 19th century, some Rusyns were settled here as well.

After 1867, colonization of Hungarians was intensified, and until the beginning of the 20th century they replaced Serbs as largest ethnic group in Kula. According to the 1910 census, the population of Kula was ethnically mixed: from the total population of 9,119 there was 3,679 speakers of Hungarian, 2,510 speakers of Serbian, 2,425 speakers of German, and 456 speakers of Rusyn.

After 1918, the settlement was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia). In 1918–1919, it was part of the Banat, Bačka and Baranja region, and also (from 1918 to 1922) part of the Novi Sad County. From 1922 to 1929, it was part of the Bačka Oblast, and from 1929 to 1941 part of the Danube Banovina. During World War II, From 1941 to 1944, Kula was under Axis occupation and was attached to the Horthy's Hungary.

In 1944, the Soviet Red Army and Yugoslav partisans expelled Axis troops from the region and Kula was included into autonomous province of Vojvodina within new socialist Yugoslavia. Since 1945, Vojvodina is part of the People's Republic of Serbia within Yugoslavia.

According to 1953 census, Hungarians were the largest ethnic group in the town, while subsequent censuses recorded Serb ethnic plurality. The German community left Kula at the end of World War II, while a sizable number of Serb Montenegrins from Montenegro settled there instead of Germans. After the breakup of Yugoslavia (1991-1992) and Serbia and Montenegro (2006), the town became part of an independent Republic of Serbia. Today the Serbs are the largest ethnic group in the town.

Inhabited places

The Kula municipality includes the towns of Kula and Crvenka, and also the following villages:

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
194839,488—    
195341,622+1.06%
196146,062+1.28%
197148,727+0.56%
198149,898+0.24%
199149,311−0.12%
200248,353−0.18%
201143,101−1.27%
Source: [3]

According to the last official census done in 2011, the municipality of Kula has 43,101 inhabitants.[4]

Ethnic groups in the Kula municipality
See also: Serbs in Vojvodina, Pannonian Rusyns, Montenegrins of Serbia, Hungarians of Serbia, Croats of Serbia, and List of Hungarian communities in Vojvodina

Settlements by ethnic majority

Settlements with a Serb ethnic majority are: Lipar, Nova Crvenka, Sivac, and Crvenka. The settlement with a Rusyn ethnic majority is Ruski Krstur. Ethnically mixed settlements are: Kula (with a relative Serb majority) and Kruščić (with a relative Montenegrin majority).

Ethnic groups in the Kula town

The town of Kula has a total of 17,866 inhabitants, including:[4]

Languages in the Kula municipality

77% of the inhabitants of the Kula municipality declared Serbian as their mother language in a 2002 census.

Economy

Kula is a home to prominent Serbian confectionary products manufacturer Jaffa Crvenka.

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[5]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing591
Mining and quarrying-
Manufacturing1,964
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply21
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities240
Construction207
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles1,448
Transportation and storage601
Accommodation and food services238
Information and communication59
Financial and insurance activities92
Real estate activities2
Professional, scientific and technical activities202
Administrative and support service activities221
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security380
Education751
Human health and social work activities294
Arts, entertainment and recreation85
Other service activities164
Individual agricultural workers349
Total7,911

Politics

There is an initiative among the inhabitants of Crvenka and Ruski Krstur that these two settlements become their own municipalities, completely separate from Kula.

Sports
Stadion Hajduk

There is a football club named Hajduk Kula in the town.

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Kula is twinned with:[6]

See also
  • The Orthodox church.
    The Orthodox church.
  • Saint George the Martyr Catholic Church.
    Saint George the Martyr Catholic Church.
  • Seventh-day Adventist Church.
    Seventh-day Adventist Church.
  • View of Canal in Kula
    View of Canal in Kula

References
  1. "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  2. "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2014. ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
  3. "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  4. "Population by ethnicity – Kula". Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS). Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  5. "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  6. "Вечерас свечана академија поводом Дана општине Кула" (in Serbian). Kula. 2017-11-15. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
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