Lactobionic acid

Lactobionic acid
Names
	IUPAC name (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-4-[ [(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-tetrahydropyranyl]oxy]hexanoic acid
	Other names Galactosylgluconic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	96-82-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:55481;
ChemSpider	7040 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.002.309
E number	E399 (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID	7314;
UNII	65R938S4DV ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3048861 ;
	SMILES O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@]([C@H](O)CO)([H])[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O)O[C@@H]1CO;
Properties
Chemical formula	C12H22O12
Molar mass	358.296 g·mol−1
Appearance	Syrup[1]
Solubility in water	Freely soluble[1]
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Lactobionic acid (4-O-β-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid) is a sugar acid. It is a disaccharide formed from gluconic acid and galactose. It can be formed by oxidation of lactose. The carboxylate anion of lactobionic acid is known as lactobionate.

As an acid, lactobionic acid can form salts with mineral cations such as calcium, potassium, sodium and zinc. Calcium lactobionate is a food additive used as a stabilizer. Potassium lactobionate is added to organ preservation solutions such as Viaspan or CoStorSol to provide osmotic support and prevent cell swelling. Mineral salts of lactobionic acid are also used for mineral supplementation.

Lactobionic acid is also used in the cosmetics industry as an antioxidant[2] and in the pharmaceutical industry as an excipient for formulation. For example, the antibiotic erythromycin is used as the salt erythromycin lactobionate when intravenously delivered.

References

Merck Index, 11th Edition, 5219
Tasic-Kostov, M.; Pavlovic, D.; Lukic, M.; Jaksic, I.; Arsic, I.; Savic, S. (2012-10-12). "Lactobionic acid as antioxidant and moisturizing active in alkyl polyglucoside-based topical emulsions: the colloidal structure, stability and efficacy evaluation". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 34 (5): 424–434. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00732.x. ISSN 1468-2494. PMID 22691034. S2CID 2854711.

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[Merck-1] Merck Index, 11th Edition, 5219

[2] Tasic-Kostov, M.; Pavlovic, D.; Lukic, M.; Jaksic, I.; Arsic, I.; Savic, S. (2012-10-12). "Lactobionic acid as antioxidant and moisturizing active in alkyl polyglucoside-based topical emulsions: the colloidal structure, stability and efficacy evaluation". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 34 (5): 424–434. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00732.x. ISSN 1468-2494. PMID 22691034. S2CID 2854711.