Lada-class submarine

Lada class, Russian designation Project 677 Lada (Russian: Лада, meaning "Lada", NATO reporting name St. Petersburg) is the new advanced class of diesel-electric attack submarine designed by the Russian Rubin Design Bureau. A program to develop a "fourth generation" diesel-electric submarine, it aimed to produce a highly improved version of the Project 636 with better acoustic signature, new combat systems and possibly air-independent propulsion. However, in 2019, Alexander Buzakov, the head of the Admiralty Shipyard, indicated that there were no plans to equip the Lada class with an air-independent propulsion system.[3][4] In July 2022 it was reported that work on an electrochemical generator to produce hydrogen from diesel fuel and oxygen was continuing and that the Rubin Central Design Bureau signed a new contract in 2019 to continue work. This was scheduled to be completed by the mid-2020s.[5] In 2023, the decision was taken to decommission and scrap the lead ship of the class, the Sankt Peterburg due to the very high costs of modernising the submarine. [6]

Lada–class profile
B-585 Sankt Peterburg
Class overview
NameLada class
BuildersAdmiralty Shipyard, Saint Petersburg
Operators Russian Navy
Preceded byKilo class
Succeeded by
Built1997–present
In service2010–present
Planned12[1]
Building3
Completed2
Active0
Retired1
General characteristics
TypeAttack submarine
Displacement
  • 2,700 long tons (2,700 t) submerged
  • 1,765 long tons (1,793 t) surfaced
Length72 m (236 ft 3 in); 67 m (219 ft 10 in) on waterline
Beam7.1 m (23 ft 4 in)
Draught6.5 m (21 ft 4 in)
Propulsion
  • Electric propulsion motor on permanent magnets
  • Storage battery with increased service life
  • 1 shaft
  • 2,700 hp (2,013 kW)
Speed
  • 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph) submerged
  • 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
Range7,500nm at 3 knots (13,800 km) submerged
Endurance45 days
Test depth300 m (984 ft)
Complement35 officers and men
Sensors and
processing systems		Litiy CICS
Armament

History

The lead boat of the class, named Sankt Peterburg, was launched in October 2004 and began sea trials in November 2005. The submarine was transferred to the Russian Navy in April 2010.[7]

Another two vessels were under construction at the Admiralty Shipyard with plans to launch four to six submarines by 2015. In 2009, the Russian Navy had set out a requirement for a total of eight St. Petersburg-class submarines.[8]

However, in November 2011 the Russian Navy decided that this class of submarines would not be accepted into service, as the lead boat had fallen far short of requirements during tests.[9] The lead boat was retained as a test vessel to experiment with various systems. The construction of the remaining boats of the class was frozen.

On 27 July 2012, the Russian Navy commander-in-chief announced the resumption of the construction of the St. Petersburg-class submarines, having undergone extensive design changes. In 2013 and 2015, two further boats were re-laid and commissioning was expected in 2017 and 2018.

On 20 September 2018, the first serial submarine of the class, B-858 Kronshtadt, was launched at the Admiralty Shipyards in St. Petersburg.[10]

Indonesia had once indicated its interest in acquiring two St. Petersburg-class submarines, but the deal fell through before 2010 due to financing issues.[11]

In June 2017, the Russian Navy announced it planned to order two more Lada-class submarines,[12] and the build contract was signed in June 2019, during the International Military-Technical Forum «ARMY-2019».[13] One more sub was ordered in August 2020, during the International Military-Technical Forum «ARMY-2020»,[14][15] with some speculation that all six of the submarines currently on order, or alternatively up to six of the eventual total number of Lada-class boats, might eventually be deployed with the Baltic Fleet.[16]

Design

The project 677 St. Petersburg is a Russian diesel-electric submarine developed in the late 1990s. The submarine is designed for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, defense of naval bases, seashore and sea lanes, as well as for conducting reconnaissance. The class marks the first usage of a mono-hull design by the Russian navy for an attack submarine since the 1940s.

Displacement is 25% lower than that of its predecessor, the Kilo-class submarine, but its capabilities are greatly enhanced.[17] Top submerged speed is 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph), up from 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph)s for the Kilo class. The class is designed for an endurance of 45 days with a complement of 35.

The submarine is equipped with automated combat control system Litiy, (eng. "Lithium").

A variant designated as the project 1650 Amur-class submarine is offered as an export model.

Units
# Name Builders Laid down Launched Commissioned Decommissioned Fleet Status Notes
B-585 Sankt Peterburg Admiralty Shipyards 26 December 1997 28 October 2004 8 May 2010 April 2023 Northern[note 1] Inactive or decommissioned, to be scrapped[18][19][20] Prototype. Subsequent boats are heavily redesigned.
B-586 Kronshtadt Admiralty Shipyards 28 July 2005 20 September 2018[10] 2022[21][22][23] Northern[note 1][24][25] Sea trials as of December 2021[26][27] Construction stopped due to multiple issues with B-585 Sankt Peterburg, resumed on 9 July 2013.
B-587 Velikiye Luki Admiralty Shipyards 19 March 2015[28] 23 December 2022[29] 2023[23] Northern Fitting out[30][31] Laid down on 10 November 2006, re-laid in 2015 due to a redesign.
Vologda Admiralty Shipyards 12 June 2022[32] 2025 Northern Under construction
Yaroslavl Admiralty Shipyards 12 June 2022[32] 2026[23] Northern Under construction
TBA Admiralty Shipyards 2024[23] 2027[23] Northern Ordered[16]

See also

Submarines of similar comparison

Notes
  1. A report in 2020 suggested that deployment might shift to the Baltic Fleet.[16]

References
  1. "Для ВМФ России планируется постройка 12 подводных лодок проекта 677" [It is planned to build 12 Project 677 submarines for the Russian Navy]. bmpd.livejournal.com (in Russian). 27 November 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  2. "Photographic image of brochure" (JPG). Pp.userapi.com. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  3. Archus, Dorian (17 December 2019). "No Plans To Equip Russian Lada-Class Submarines With AIP-Constructor". Naval Post. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  4. "Analysis 1/2: Lada-class diesel-electric submarine of project 677 for Russian Navy". 10 October 2021.
  5. "Project 677 Kronstadt Assigned to Northern Fleet – SeaWaves Magazine". Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  6. "Russian Navy Lada-class submarine Sankt Peterburg to be decommissioned early". 19 April 2023.
  7. Завершены государственные испытания подводной лодки 4-го поколения "Санкт-Петербург" для ВМФ России [State tests of the 4th generation submarine "Sankt Peterburg" for the Russian Navy have been completed]. ARMS-TASS (in Russian). 22 April 2010. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  8. "Russia's Lada sub trials to be completed in 2009". Rusnavy.com. 6 November 2009. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  9. "ВМФ отказался от новейших подлодок проекта "Лада"" [The navy abandoned the latest submarines of the "Lada" project]. Izvestia (in Russian). 23 November 2011. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  10. "Russia's second Lada-class submarine launched 13 years after construction start". NavalToday.com. 20 September 2018. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  11. Bitzinger, Richard A. (April 2010). "A New Arms Race? Explaining Recent Southeast Asian Military Acquisitions". Contemporary Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 32 (1): 53. doi:10.1355/CS32-1C. JSTOR 41288803. S2CID 154744246.
  12. "Russian Navy to Order Two More Project 677 Lada-class Submarines". Navy Recognition. 29 June 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  13. "АО "Адмиралтейские Верфи" подписало контракт на строительство двух подводных лодок Проекта 677 "Лада"" [JSC Admiralty Shipyards signed a contract for the construction of two submarines of Project 677 "Lada"]. Admiralty Shipyard (Press release) (in Russian). 28 June 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  14. "Russian Navy signs contract during Army 2020 forum for two more diesel submarines". Navy Recognition. 25 August 2020.
  15. "Минфин и «Роскосмос» вступили в публичные препирательства о сокращении расходов" [The Ministry of Finance and "Roscosmos" entered into a public altercation about cutting costs]. Vedomosti (in Russian). 25 August 2020.
  16. "Analysis: latest Russian Navy contracts offer development conclusions". Navy Recognition. 16 September 2020.
  17. "В ходе испытаний ДЭПЛ «Санкт-Петербург» показала характеристики на порядок выше, чем у проекта 636" [During tests, diesel-electric submarines "Sankt-Peterburg" showed characteristics an order of magnitude higher than those of Project 636]. Armstrade.org (in Russian). 17 December 2018. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  18. "'Saint Petersburg' submarine launches cruise missile in Barents Sea". TASS. 17 November 2016. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  19. "Project 677 lead submarine St. Petersburg passed all Russian Navy tests". Navy Recognition. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  20. "Russian Navy Lada-class submarine Sankt Peterburg to be decommissioned early". 19 April 2023.
  21. "Russian Navy to get six submarines in 2020 for first time over past 28 years". TASS. 23 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  22. "ВМФ анонсировал получение первых серийных подлодок проекта 677 «Лада»" [The Navy announced the receipt of the first serial submarines of Project 677 "Lada"]. Vedomosti (in Russian). 9 February 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  23. "Строительство боевых кораблей основных классов для ВМФ России на 01.01.2022". navy-korabel (in Russian). 1 January 2022.
  24. "What They May Get, 2020". Russian Defense Policy. 19 January 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  25. "Источник: Северный флот получит не менее четырех дизельных подлодок" [Source: Northern Fleet will receive at least four diesel submarines]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 14 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  26. "Russian Project 677 submarine Kronstadt starts sea trials". 20 December 2021.
  27. "Analysis: St. Petersburg submarine expects upgrade for new arms trials - take 1". Navy Recognition. 23 April 2020.
  28. Источник: третью подлодку типа "Лада" перезаложат в Петербурге 19 марта [Source: the third submarine of the "Lada" type will be re-laid in St. Petersburg on March 19]. TASS (in Russian). 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  29. "В Петербурге состоялся торжественный спуск на воду подлодки "Великие Луки"". TASS (in Russian). 23 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  30. "Admiralty Shipyard launches 3rd Lada-class submarine "Velikie Luki"". 23 December 2022.
  31. "Russian Shipyard Cuts Steel For 3rd And 4th Lada-Class Submarines". navalnews.com. 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  32. "АО "Адмиралтейские Верфи" Заложило Две подводные лодки проекта 677 «Лада»" [JSC Admiralty Shipyards laid down two submarines of Project 677 Lada]. Admiralty Shipyard (in Russian). 12 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
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