Landkreis Kreuzburg O.S.

Landkreis Kreuzburg O.S. was a Prussian district in Silesia, from 1742 to 1945, with its capital at Kreuzburg O.S. Today, the region is part of the Polish Opole Voivodeship.

The district of Kreuzburg in 1905

History

In the course of the Stein-Hardenberg Reforms, the district of Kreuzburg in the Province of Silesia was initially assigned to Regierungsbezirk Breslau, but then on May 1, 1820, it was reclassified to Regierungsbezirk Oppeln. Since then, the district has been considered part of Upper Silesia.[1] The district capital was changed to Konstadt, but was moved back to Kreuzburg on January 1, 1880. The spelling of the name of the city and the district fluctuated between Creutzburg, Creuzburg and Kreuzburg. The city and district name was officially set to Kreuzburg in Oberschlesien on September 23, 1881. Later, the abbreviation Kreuzburg OS was adopted.

On November 8, 1919, the Province of Silesia was divided into the Province of Lower Silesia (Regierungsbezirke Liegnitz and Breslau) and the Province of Upper Silesia (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln). On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the Kreuzburg district became part of the newly formed Province of Upper Silesia. During World War II, the Red Army captured the district at the end of January 1945 and it was placed under Polish administration in March.

Demographics

The district had a mixed population of Germans and Poles. According to religion, the majority of the district population was Protestant, along with sizable minorities of Catholics and Jews.

Population of Kreuzburg O.S district [2]
1905 1910
German 20,641 41.4% 24,363 46.9%
Polish / Bilingual / Other 29,269 58.6% 27,543 53.1%
Total 49,910 51,906

Place Names

In 1935/36, several parishes were renamed in the Kreuzburg OS district:[3][4]

  • Alt Tschapel → Stobertal
  • Borek → Waldungen
  • Bresinke → Birkdorf
  • Brinitze → Kiefernhain
  • Deutsch Würbitz → Niederweiden OS
  • Frei Tschapel → Freivorwerk
  • Golkowitz → Alteichen
  • Jaschkowitz → Auenfelde
  • Lowkowitz → Bienendorf
  • Polanowitz → Kornfelde
  • Polnisch Würbitz → Würbitz → Oberweiden OS
  • Proschlitz → Angersdorf
  • Roschkowitz → Röstfelde
  • Schiroslawitz → Grenzfelde
  • Woislawitz → Kirchlinden

References
  1. Breslau (Regierungsbezirk) (1820). Amts-Blatt der Regierung in Breslau: 1820 (in German). Amtsblattstelle.
  2. Belzyt, Leszek (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 - 1914 ; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar. Marburg: Herder-Inst. ISBN 978-3-87969-267-5.
  3. "Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Schlesien, Kreis Kreuzburg". treemagic.org. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  4. "Kreuzburg O.S." www.territorial.de. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
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