Lateral giant interneuron
The lateral giant interneuron (LG) is an interneuron in the abdominal nerve cord of crayfish, lobsters, shrimp of the order Decapoda and their relatives in the crustacean class Malacostraca. It is part of the system that controls a special kind of escape reflex of these organisms known as the "caridoid escape reaction."[1]
When the sensory hairs of the tail fan of crayfish are stimulated, the LG activates the motor neurons that control flexion movements of the abdomen in a way that propels the crayfish away from the source of the stimulation. The LG bypasses the main neural system that controls locomotion, thus shortening the reaction time.
The lateral giant connection to motor giant fast flexor neurons was the first known example of an electrical synapse (Furshpan & Potter 1957).
References
- Wine, Jeffrey J.; Krasne, Franklin B. (1969). "Independence of Inhibition and Habituation in the Crayfish Lateral Giant Fiber Escape Reflex". doi:10.1037/e463442008-122.
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- Edwards, Donald H.; Heitler, William J.; Krasne, Franklin B. (April 1999). "Fifty years of a command neuron: the neurobiology of escape behavior in the crayfish". Trends in Neurosciences. 22 (4): 153–160. doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01340-X. PMID 10203852. S2CID 1197778 – via Cell Press.
- Furshpan, EJ; Potter, DD (17 August 1957). "Mechanism of nerve-impulse transmission at a crayfish synapse". Nature. 180 (4581): 342–343. Bibcode:1957Natur.180..342F. doi:10.1038/180342a0. PMID 13464833. S2CID 4216387.
- Wine, Jeffery J. (September 1984). "The structural basis of an innate behavioural pattern". Journal of Experimental Biology. 112 (1): 283–319. doi:10.1242/jeb.112.1.283 – via Company of Biologists.