Rio Branco Law

The Rio Branco law (Portuguese: Lei Rio Branco), also known as the Law of Free Birth (Lei do Ventre Livre), named after its champion, prime minister José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco, was passed by the Brazilian Parliament on 28 September 1871. It was intended to provide freedom to all newborn children of slaves, and slaves of the state or crown. Slaveholders of the children's parents were to provide care for the children until the age of 21, or turn them over to the state in return for monetary compensation.[1]

Rio Branco Law
Rio Branco Law, Brazilian National Archives
General Assembly of the Empire of Brazil
Long title Law No. 2,040 of 28 September 1871
Citation	Law No. 2,040 of 28 September 1871
Territorial extent	Empire of Brazil
Enacted by	General Assembly of the Empire of Brazil
Enacted	28 September 1871
Signed by	Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
Summary
Declares the children of slave women born since the date of this law to be free, the slaves of the Nation and others free, and provides for the upbringing and treatment of those minor children and the annual liberation of slaves.

The law was the beginning of an abolition movement in Brazil, but it turned out to be more of a legal loophole than a radical measure. Only a few people were freed under the law, while more than one million people continued to be held as slaves. This law had more of an influence in the northern part of the country, which was leaning toward wage rather than slave labor.

Many of those freed under the Rio Branco law migrated to the north to work for wages on the plantations. The Rio Branco law was the first step toward abolition of slavery in Brazil. It was ultimately abolished on 13 May 1888, with the adoption of the Lei Áurea.