Law on State Capital

Law on State Capital (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Ibu Kota Negara/UU IKN) is an omnibus law to relocate capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to Nusantara at East Kalimantan as new capital of Indonesia.[1] The omnibus bill of the law was passed into law on 18 January 2022.[2][3] and finally commenced on 15 February 2022.[4]

UU Ibu Kota Negara (UU IKN)
People's Representative Council
  • Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tentang Ibu Kota Negara
    (Law No. 3/2022 about State Capital)
CitationLaw No. 3/2022
Territorial extentIndonesia, with focus Penajam North Paser Regency and Kutai Kartanegara Regency
Passed byPeople's Representative Council
Passed18 January 2022
Commenced15 February 2022
Legislative history
Bill titleRUU Ibu Kota Negara (Bill on State Capital)
Introduced byJoko Widodo
Introduced29 September 2021 (2021-09-29)
Amends
4 acts.
Amended by
2023 Law on State Capital
Status: In force

Unusual in law making history of Indonesia, the law become the fastest law made in Indonesia after being law only 111 days after the bill introduced, with only 42 days processed at People's Representative Council and only 16 hours marathon discussion between the People's Representative Council and Indonesian government prior the passing into law for to be passed.[5][6]

History
See also: Capital of Indonesia ยง Move to Nusantara

Interest on capital relocation by Joko Widodo administration had been revived since 2017.[7] On 23 August 2019, Jokowi submitted Presidential Letter No. R-34/Pres/08/2019. The Letter enclosed with 2 enclosures: (1) Presidential Study Report on Capital Relocation, and (2) Request on DPR Support for Capital Relocation.[8] On 26 August 2019, Jokowi announced that the new capital would be partly in the Penajam North Paser Regency and partly in the Kutai Kartanegara Regency, both in East Kalimantan.[9] The National Development Planning Ministry announced that the move would cost an estimated Rp 466 trillion (US$32.7 billion) and that the government intended to cover 19% of the cost, the remainder coming mainly from public-private partnerships and direct investment by both state-owned enterprises and the private sector.[10]

Final Draft of the Law on State Capital, as obtained by Indonesian media 19 January 2022

Circa January 2020, a draft of the bill leaked to public. The draft, dated 14 January 2020, consisted of 10 chapters and 39 sections. The draft of the bill showed that 6 laws will be amended by time of the law enacted.[11]

On 29 September 2021, Joko Widodo sent Presidential Letter No. R-44/Pres/09/2021 contained 2 enclosures: Bill on State Capital and Academic Draft on State Capital Relocation drafted by Ministry of National Development Planning.[12] In the official draft of the bill, the bill consisted of 9 chapters and 34 sections. The provisional chapter of the bill showed that 3 acts (Law No. 25/1956, Law No. 47/1999, and Law No. 7/2002) will be amended and 1 act (Law No. 29/2007) will be repealed after the enactment of the law if certain conditions met.

On 18 January 2022, the bill passed into law.[3] The law was passed unusually fast.[5][6]

On 19 January 2022, the final draft of the law somehow obtained by media and released to the public. The final draft of the law consisted of 11 chapters and 44 sections.[13]

The law is commenced on 15 February 2022.[4]

Criticisms and Challenges

The law currently challenged by Indonesian right-wing activists, politicians, former military commanders/generals, and also Islamic activists and Islamic hard line mass organizations.[14][15] The challengers, claimed from the Poros Nasional Kedaulatan Negara (PNKN, English: National Axis of State Sovereignty), claimed that the law is unneeded and requested the Constitutional Court to cancel the law.[16] One of the PNKN member, Abdullah Hehamahua, former Corruption Eradication Commission advisor-turned-Islamist activist launched racial accusation with anti-Chinese tendency against the government, claiming that the project is an attempt to turn Jakarta as "Second Beijing".[17][18] On 1 June 2022, the submitted cases: 39/PUU-XX/2022, 40/PUU-XX/2022, 47/PUU-XX/2022, 48/PUU-XX/2022, 53/PUU-XX/2022, and 54/PUU-XX/2022 were dismissed by the Constitutional Court.[19] On 20 July 2022, another submitted cases: 25/PUU-XX/2022, 34/PUU-XX/2022, 49/PUU-XX/2022, and 66/PUU-XX/2022 also dismissed by the Constitutional Court.[20] One case, Case No. 66/PUU-XX/2022, was a case rejected by the court after the submitter found to producing false signatures in submitted document, resulted the submitter unable to submit the case again.[21]

All of these links are Indonesian:

  • Legislation Record of Bill on State Capital.
  • Presidential Letter No. R-44/Pres/09/2021.
  • Draft of the Bill on State Capital.
  • Academic Draft on State Capital Relocation.
  • Final Draft of the Law on State Capital.
  • Congress Final Report on Passing of the Bill of State Capital.

References
  1. "Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tentang Ibu Kota Negara" [Law No. 3/2022 about State Capital]. Law No. 3 of 2022 (PDF) (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council.
  2. Sembiring, Lidya Julita (13 January 2022). "Catat! RUU IKN akan Disahkan di Paripurna DPR 18 Januari 2022". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  3. Rachman, Arrijal (18 January 2022). "Breaking News: DPR Sahkan RUU Ibu Kota Negara Jadi Undang-undang". Tempo.co (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  4. Karunia, Ade Miranti (17 February 2022). "Jokowi Teken UU IKN, Pembangunan Ibu Kota Negara Dimulai". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  5. CNN Indonesia (18 January 2022). "DPR Rapat 16 Jam Hingga Subuh Demi RUU IKN Dibawa ke Paripurna". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 January 2022. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  6. Sembiring, Lidya Julita (18 January 2022). "Simak! Ini Poin Penting UU Ibu Kota Negara". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  7. The Jakarta Post (10 April 2017). "Indonesia studies new sites for capital city". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  8. Astuti, Nur Azizah Rizki (27 August 2019). "Surat Jokowi soal Ibu Kota Baru Dibacakan di Paripurna DPR". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  9. Kusuma, Hendra. "Resmi! Jokowi Putuskan Ibu Kota RI Pindah ke Kaltim". detikfinance (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  10. Maulia, Erwida (26 August 2019). "Jokowi announces Indonesia's new capital in East Kalimantan". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  11. "Rancangan Undang-Undang Ibu Kota Negara Tahun 2020 - Pusat Data Hukumonline". hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  12. Mediatama, Grahanusa (30 September 2021). "RUU Ibu Kota Negara akhirnya masuk ke DPR". Kontan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  13. Bayhaqi, Ahda (19 January 2022). "Jakarta Tak Lagi Jadi Ibu Kota Setelah Jokowi Keluarkan Perpres". merdeka.com. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  14. Mediatama, Grahanusa (2 February 2022). "UU IKN Digugat Oleh Mantan Penasihat KPK Abdullah Hehamahua ke MK". kontan.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  15. Abidin, Mulkan (2 February 2022). "Catat..!, Inilah Nama nama yang Gugat IKN Ke MK" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  16. Poerwoto, Yohanes Listyo (2 February 2022). "UU IKN Digugat ke Mahkamah Konstitusi, Dinilai Tak Dibutuhkan Masyarakat". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  17. Putri, Eka Alisa (2 February 2022). "Turun Gunung Gugat UU IKN ke MK, Abdullah Hehamahua: Kami Khawatir Jakarta Jadi Beijing Kedua - Pikiran-Rakyat.com". www.pikiran-rakyat.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  18. Putri, Eka Alisa (2 February 2022). "Anggap Julukan 'Jakarta Beijing Kedua' Tak Berlebihan, Abdullah Hehamahua Sebut Kota Kembaran China di Banten - Pikiran-Rakyat.com". www.pikiran-rakyat.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  19. Nugraheny, Dian Erika (1 June 2022). "6 Permohonan Uji Materi UU IKN Tak Diterima MK, Dianggap Cacat Formil". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  20. Kamil, Irfan (20 July 2022). Meiliana, Diamanty (ed.). "MK Tolak Uji Materi UU IKN yang Diajukan Abdullah Hehamahua dkk". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  21. "MK Setujui Gugatan UU IKN Ditarik Usai Mahasiswa Palsukan Tanda Tangan". nasional (in Indonesian). Retrieved 20 July 2022.
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