Leek yellow stripe virus

Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) belongs to the genus Potyvirus. It was first detected in leek but also infects garlic and onion worldwide.[1][2][3] Economically less important Allium spp., such as Allium angulosum, Allium caeruleum, Allium cyathophorum, Allium nutans, Allium scorodoprasum, Allium senescens subsp. montanum were also found to harbor the virus.[4]

Leek yellow stripe virus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Stelpaviricetes
Order: Patatavirales
Family: Potyviridae
Genus: Potyvirus
Species:
Leek yellow stripe virus

Epidemiology

LYSV causes typical yellow stripe symptom on leek. A yield reduction of up to 54% on garlic has been reported.[5] The virus is transmitted in non-persistent manner by Aphis fabae and Myzus persicae but not by seeds.[6][7]

Genome

Its ssRNA genome has one large open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polyprotein of ca. 10,131 nt and 3,152 amino acids, excluding the poly-(A) tail.[8] LYSV can be separated into three major types: S, L, and N based on variation in the P1 and coat protein (CP) regions of its genome and plant host species. Types-S and N isolates are mostly infecting garlic while type-L is infecting leek.[9]

Control

Several researches had been conducted to determine resistant or tolerant Allium spp. cultivars, as an epidemiological method to control LYSV. Three French garlic cultivars were tested against the virus, with result Messidrome had the least severe bulb weight loss (17%) compared to Germidour (26%) and Printanor (54%).[10] Another study in French found that a fertile garlic clone (clone 211) was highly resistant to LYSV infection.[11] All 87 samples of Vekan variety collected during field surveys in Czech Republic were tested to be LYSV-free, which highly indicated its resistance to the virus.[12] Recently, Şampiyon and Perama were found to have the best reactions (most tolerant) among 15 onion cultivars tested in Turkey to mechanical inoculation of LYSV under greenhouse conditions.[13]

References
  1. Bos, L.; Huijberts, N.; Huttinga, H.; Maat, D. Z. (September 1978). "Leek yellow stripe virus and its relationships to onion yellow dwarf virus; characterization, ecology and possible control". Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology. 84 (5): 185–204. doi:10.1007/BF02650386. S2CID 32356459.
  2. Takaki, F.; Sano, T.; Yamashita, K.; Fujita, T.; Ueda, K.; Kato, T. (1 June 2005). "Complete nucleotide sequences of attenuated and severe isolates of Leek yellow stripe virus from garlic in northern Japan: Identification of three distinct virus types in garlic and leek world-wide". Archives of Virology. 150 (6): 1135–1149. doi:10.1007/s00705-004-0482-9. PMID 15703850. S2CID 11176245.
  3. Santosa, Adyatma Irawan; Ertunc, Filiz (August 2020). "Identification, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of four viruses infecting Allium cepa in Ankara Province, Turkey". Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 127 (4): 561–569. doi:10.1007/s41348-020-00347-5. S2CID 225488130.
  4. Mansouri, Faten; Krahulec, František; Duchoslav, Martin; Ryšánek, Pavel (2021-05-21). "Newly identified host range of viruses infecting species of the genus Allium and their distribution in six habitats in the Czech Republic". Plant Pathology. 70 (6): 1496–1507. doi:10.1111/ppa.13391. S2CID 235584351.
  5. Lot, Hervé; Chovelon, Véronique; Souche, Sylvie; Delecolle, Brigitte (December 1998). "Effects of Onion Yellow Dwarf and Leek Yellow Stripe Viruses on Symptomatology and Yield Loss of Three French Garlic Cultivars". Plant Disease. 82 (12): 1381–1385. doi:10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.12.1381. PMID 30845474.
  6. Noda, Chiyoichi; Inouye, Narinobu (1989). "Leek yellow stripe virus isolated from an ornamental Allium plant in Japan". Japanese Journal of Phytopathology. 55 (2): 208–215. doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.55.208.
  7. Lunello, P; Ducasse, DA; Helguera, M; Nome, SF; Conci, VC (2002). "An Argentinean isolate of Leek yellow stripe virus from leek can be transmitted to garlic". J. Plant Pathol. 84 (1): 11–17. doi:10.4454/jpp.v84i1.1082 (inactive 1 August 2023).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)
  8. Gupta, N.; Islam, S.; Sharma, S.K.; Baranwal, V.K. (13 October 2017). "COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE OF AN ISOLATE OF LEEK YELLOW STRIPE VIRUS FROM GARLIC IN INDIA". Journal of Plant Pathology. 99 (3). doi:10.4454/jpp.v99i3.3945.
  9. Santosa, Adyatma Irawan; Randa-Zelyüt, Filiz; Karanfil, Ali; Korkmaz, Savaş; Hartono, Sedyo; Ertunç, Filiz (February 2023). "Phylogenetic and diversity analyses revealed that leek yellow stripe virus population consists of three types: S, L, and N". Virus Genes. 59 (1): 121–131. doi:10.1007/s11262-022-01956-y. PMID 36346570.
  10. Lot, Hervé; Chovelon, Véronique; Souche, Sylvie; Delecolle, Brigitte (December 1998). "Effects of Onion Yellow Dwarf and Leek Yellow Stripe Viruses on Symptomatology and Yield Loss of Three French Garlic Cultivars". Plant Disease. 82 (12): 1381–1385. doi:10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.12.1381. PMID 30845474.
  11. Lot, H.; Chovelon, V.; Souche, S.; Delecolle, B.; Etoh, T.; Messiaen, C.M. (June 2001). "Resistance to Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus and Leek Yellow Stripe Virus Found in a Fertile Garlic Clone". Acta Horticulturae (555): 243–246. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.555.36.
  12. Klukáčková, J.; Navrátil, M.; Duchoslav, M. (1 June 2007). "Natural infection of garlic (Allium sativum L.) by viruses in the Czech Republic". Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 114 (3): 97–100. doi:10.1007/BF03356714. S2CID 56085690.
  13. Santosa, Adyatma Irawan; Ertunç, Filiz (30 March 2021). "Reactions of Fifteen Onion Cultivars Commonly Cultivated in Turkey to Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) (Türkiye'de Yaygın Olarak Üretilen On Beş Soğan Çeşidinin Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV)'üne Karşı Reaksiyonları)". Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 31 (1): 71–79. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.748558. S2CID 233553746.


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