Eleanor de Guzmán

Leonor (Eleanor) de Guzmán y Ponce de León (1310–1351)[1] was a Castilian noblewoman. After about 1330, she became the long-term mistress and favourite of Alfonso XI,[2] with whom she had the illegitimate son Henry "the Fratricidal", future first monarch of the House of Trastámara. She held the lordship of Medina-Sidonia until she fell from grace in the wake of Alfonso's death in 1350.[3] She was then executed by her enemies.[4]

Eleanor de Guzmán
Guzmán bidding farewell to her son Fadrique Alfonso before her execution
Born1310
Seville
Died1351 (aged 40–41)
Talavera de la Reina
BuriedCollegiate church of Santa María, Talavera de la Reina
Spouse(s)Juan de Velasco
Issue
among others...		Henry II of Castile
Fadrique Alfonso, Lord of Haro
Tello Alfonso, Lord of Aguilar de Campoo
Sancho Alfonso, 1st Count of Alburquerque
FatherPedro Núñez de Guzmán
MotherBeatriz Ponce de León

Life

Eleanor was the daughter of nobleman Pedro Núñez de Guzmán and his wife, Beatriz Ponce de León, a great-granddaughter of King Alfonso IX of León. Her parents married her off as a young girl to Juan de Velasco.

Eleanor's husband died in 1328, at twenty years old. Soon thereafter, in Seville she met King Alfonso XI. He was so impressed by her beauty that he made her his mistress. He preferred Eleanor to his wife Maria of Portugal, daughter of Alfonso IV of Portugal, whom he married in 1328. After Maria's son and heir, the future Peter of Castile, was born in 1334, Alfonso left Maria and lived with De Guzmán instead. The humiliated queen resented her unfaithful husband and asked him to cease his public displays of preference for his mistress. The king ignored his wife's pleas, and gave Eleanor Huelva, Tordesillas, and Medina-Sidonia in addition to other holdings. He also established Eleanor's household in Seville where she was allowed to hear political matters. The court was increasingly troubled by Alfonso's behavior and as a result, the Pope intervened by forcing Portugal to invade Castile.

The King died on 27 March 1350 and was succeeded by his heir Peter and his wife Maria, who served as regent. Maria had not forgotten the myriad slights that she had endured because of her husband's love for his mistress. Thirsting for revenge, Maria imprisoned Eleanor, and later ordered the execution of her rival in 1351 in the alcázar of Talavera de la Reina.[5] Eleanor's death only exacerbated the rift within the royal family. Her son Henry and Maria's son Peter continued to fight one another for control of Castile. Henry eventually won and was crowned King of Castile.

Children

Eleanor was a common ancestor to the Catholic Monarchs. Three of her sons, Henry II of Castile,[6] Fadrique Alfonso[7] and Sancho Alfonso, 1st Count of Alburquerque[8] were ancestors of Ferdinand II of Aragon. In addition, Isabella I of Castile, wife of Ferdinand II of Aragon, was descended from both De Guzmán and Maria: Henry II of Castile's grandson, Henry III of Castile, married Peter of Castile's granddaughter, Catherine of Lancaster; their son, John II of Castile, was the father of Isabella I of Castile.

Ancestors

References
  1. Santos, Lara Fernanda Portilho dos (2012). "O papel político e diplomático de D. Leonor de Guzmán no reinado de Afonso XI" (PDF).
  2. Correa Barboza, Marcela (2021). "Doña Leonor de Guzmán, la concubina real en la Castilla bajomedieval (1330-1350) a través de las crónicas de Alfonso XI" (PDF). Red Sociales, Revista del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales. 8 (3): 108.
  3. González Crespo, Esther (1991). "El patrimonio dominical de Leonor de Guzmán". En la España Medieval. Madrid: Ediciones Complutense. 4: 211.
  4. González Crespo 1991, p. 219.
  5. Translation from German Wikipedia
  6. Ferdinand II of Aragon, son of John II of Aragon, son of Ferdinand I of Aragon, son of John I of Castile, son of Henry II of Castile
  7. Ferdinand II of Aragon, son of Juana Enríquez, daughter of Fadrique Enríquez de Mendoza, son of Alonso Enríquez, son of Fadrique Alfonso
  8. Ferdinand II of Aragon, son of John II of Aragon, son of Eleanor of Alburquerque, daughter of Sancho Alfonso, 1st Count of Alburquerque
  9. de Sousa, Antonio Caetano (1735). Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza. Lisboa Occidental. p. 415.
  • Fuente, María Jesús. Reinas medievales en los reinos hipánicos. ISBN 84-9734-102-3.
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