Leptothrix cholodnii

Leptothrix cholodnii
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Betaproteobacteria
Order:	Burkholderiales
Genus:	Leptothrix
Species:	L. cholodnii
Binomial name
	Leptothrix cholodnii; Mulder and van Veen 1963[1]
Type strain
	LVMW 99[2]

Leptothrix cholodnii is a bacterium from the genus Leptothrix, which has the ability to oxidize Fe(II).[3][4]. They were previously known as Leptothrix discophora SP-6.[5] They are fast-growing metal oxidizers in iron-rich environments. These environments include freshwater bodies characterized with neutral to slightly acidic pH, oxygen gradients and organic matter. Examples of these sites include freshwater streams and wetlands, iron seeps, water pipes, surface of sediments [6][7] Their growth under suitable conditions is easily recognized with fluffy microbial mats, surface biofilms made up of oxidized Fe and Mn minerals with orange to dark brown color. They can oxidize both Fe(II) and Mn(II)[6]. Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 is a member of this group with an isolate and sheath-former under laboratory conditions.[8]

Metabolism

They grow as aerobic, chemoorganoheterotrophs under circumneutral pH conditions.[6] They can utilize a range of organic carbon substrates as electron donors.[6][8][9]

References

"Genus: Leptothrix". Lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
"Leptothrix Kützing 1843, genus". Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
"Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 superfamily assignments". Archived from the original on 2016-02-13. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
S. VOLLRATH; T. BEHRENDS; P. VAN CAPPELLEN. "Kinetics of neutrophilic iron oxidation by Leptothrix cholodnii" (PDF). Goldschmidt.info. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
Emerson, D; Ghiorse, W C (December 1993). "Ultrastructure and chemical composition of the sheath of Leptothrix discophora SP-6". Journal of Bacteriology. 175 (24): 7808–7818. doi:10.1128/jb.175.24.7808-7818.1993. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 206956. PMID 7504663.
Spring, Stefan (2006), Dworkin, Martin; Falkow, Stanley; Rosenberg, Eugene; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz (eds.), "The Genera Leptothrix and Sphaerotilus", The Prokaryotes, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 758–777, doi:10.1007/0-387-30745-1_35, ISBN 978-0-387-25495-1, retrieved 2023-04-25
Nealson, Kenneth H. (1983), "Microbial Oxidation and Reduction of Manganese and Iron", Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 459–479, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-7944-4_45, ISBN 978-94-009-7946-8, retrieved 2023-04-25
Emerson, David; Fleming, Emily J.; McBeth, Joyce M. (2010-10-13). "Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria: An Environmental and Genomic Perspective". Annual Review of Microbiology. 64 (1): 561–583. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134208. ISSN 0066-4227. PMID 20565252.
Dondero, Norman C. (October 1975). "THE SPHAEROTILUS-LEPTOTHRIX GROUP". Annual Review of Microbiology. 29 (1): 407–428. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.29.100175.002203. ISSN 0066-4227. PMID 1180519.

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[1] "Genus: Leptothrix". Lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 22 March 2022.

[2] "Leptothrix Kützing 1843, genus". Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-05-19.

[3] "Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 superfamily assignments". Archived from the original on 2016-02-13. Retrieved 2013-05-19.

[4] S. VOLLRATH; T. BEHRENDS; P. VAN CAPPELLEN. "Kinetics of neutrophilic iron oxidation by Leptothrix cholodnii" (PDF). Goldschmidt.info. Retrieved 2022-03-22.

[5] Emerson, D; Ghiorse, W C (December 1993). "Ultrastructure and chemical composition of the sheath of Leptothrix discophora SP-6". Journal of Bacteriology. 175 (24): 7808–7818. doi:10.1128/jb.175.24.7808-7818.1993. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 206956. PMID 7504663.

[:02-6] Spring, Stefan (2006), Dworkin, Martin; Falkow, Stanley; Rosenberg, Eugene; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz (eds.), "The Genera Leptothrix and Sphaerotilus", The Prokaryotes, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 758–777, doi:10.1007/0-387-30745-1_35, ISBN 978-0-387-25495-1, retrieved 2023-04-25

[7] Nealson, Kenneth H. (1983), "Microbial Oxidation and Reduction of Manganese and Iron", Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 459–479, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-7944-4_45, ISBN 978-94-009-7946-8, retrieved 2023-04-25

[:12-8] Emerson, David; Fleming, Emily J.; McBeth, Joyce M. (2010-10-13). "Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria: An Environmental and Genomic Perspective". Annual Review of Microbiology. 64 (1): 561–583. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134208. ISSN 0066-4227. PMID 20565252.

[9] Dondero, Norman C. (October 1975). "THE SPHAEROTILUS-LEPTOTHRIX GROUP". Annual Review of Microbiology. 29 (1): 407–428. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.29.100175.002203. ISSN 0066-4227. PMID 1180519.