LexML Brasil

LexML Brasil (or LexML-BR or LexML Brazil) is a project of Brazil's Electronic Government initiative. Its objective is to establish open data systems, integrate work processes and share data, in the context of identifying and structuring executive, legislative and judiciary documents. The LexML-BR standards define a set of simple technology-neutral electronic protocols and representations, based on XML and HTTP ecossistem.

www.LexML.gov.br (search engine)
projeto.lexml.gov.br (project description)

While the project was officially launched on June 30, 2009, Brazil has been participating in the LexML community since 2006. In 2009, LexML became an explicit national data standard in the "pt:e-PING".[1][2]

In May, 2012, Brazil's "Public Access to Information" law (Lei de Acesso a Informações Públicas) entered into force,[3] which strengthened the standing of LexML as a transparency tool that could assist in carrying out the obligation to publish government data in the areas of legislative and court documents.

Schema

LexML's technical standards allow efficient handling of an enormous quantity of legislative and court information available in Brasil. These include:

  • XML Schema of the full text of laws (in accordance with LCP-95). Technical Norm "LexML-BR Part 3".[4]
  • URN Lex schema,[5][6] for reference to and nomenclature of the norms. Technical norm "LexML-BR Parte 2" [7]
  • OAI-PMH protocol for the exchange and centralization of metadata. Technical norm "LexML-BR Part 4".[8]

Dedicated resources

The main resources needed for the project are already in place:

History

An early development at Brazil occurred at 1997, in a scholar initiative,[11] with the modeling of the structure of Brazilians legislative documents, and the demonstration that all legislative documents can be automatically translated to HTML hypertext, with intra and inter links. The seminal algorithms (implemented[11] as Perl scripts and regular expressions) was lost one decade, rediscovered during the development of an important LexML tool, the lexml-linker.[12] Some scholar studies continued,[13] and served as support to redirect the initial LexML-BR focus on XML schemas to metadata and URN schemas.

The LexML-BR Project was started in ~2006, and had the LexML-IT as an antecedent,[14][15] as well public as consultings.[16] On June 30, 2009, it was launched officially.[17][18][19]

It is now a joint initiative of many administrative bodies, including Brazil's legislature, executive and judiciary branches, part of the IT Management Community, which combines the areas of legislative and court information.

The goals of the LexML Brazil project can be divided into two main areas:

  • LexML 1.0: consists of the search engine, resolver service, generation of persistent identifiers and a "link service".
  • LexML 2.0 (from 2010): wider adoption of open source tools for the production of documents, in accordance with the "LexML Brazil XML Schema".[20]

Motivation
Estimatives of law production from 1988 to 2004.[21]
Government level Documents produced
Municipal
2,522,741
State
956,695
Federal
148,577

Only law documents of "top hierarchy regulations".

In addition to the legal requirements in Brazil for transparency and publication of government documents (see Motivations), the sheer volume of legislation places a premium on digitization and better public access to digital forms of the law.

In 20 years, Brazil has produced approximately:[21]

  • federal laws: 150 thousand, an average of 21 per day.
  • state laws: 1 million. On average 27 states produce 5 laws per day (135 laws per day total).
  • municipal laws: 2.6 million laws, on average each of the 5700 municipalities produce 4 laws per week (360 laws per day in total).

There has been some research identifying this proliferation of laws and bureaucracy as partly responsible for many economic activities going 'underground'. [22] [23]

See also

References
  1. LexML standards was recommended in Documento de Referência e-PING v2010, section 10.5, "Areas of Integration for Electronic Government: Technical Specifications".
  2. LexML continues to have the status "Adopted" in the 2016 e-PING, Table 16.
  3. Lei Federal 12.527 de 2011.
  4. "LexML Brasil, Parte 3 - LexML XML Schema, version 1.0", J.A.O. Lima, F. Ciciliati e GT LexML. Dezembro de 2008. Available at projeto.lexml.gov.br
  5. Lima JAO, Palmirani M e Vitali F, "'http' or 'urn' URIs for legal resources? How about both?" em: "Standards for Legislative XML", 2007, Leiden, Holanda. Proceedings of Standards for Legislative XML, 2007. Disponível em leibnizcenter.org/~winkels Archived 2008-11-20 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. A Uniform Resource Name (URN) Namespace for Sources of Law (LEX), IETF http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-spinosa-urn-lex-04
  7. "LexML Brasil, Part 2 - LexML URN, version 1.0", J.A.O. Lima, F. Ciciliati e GT LexML. December 2008. Available in projeto.lexml.gov.br
  8. "LexML Brasil, Part 4 - Collection of Metadata, version 1.0", J.A.O. Lima, F. Ciciliati e GT LexML. December 2008. Available at projeto.lexml.gov.br
  9. "Prefeitura ajuda a elaborar portal de pesquisa de leis do Senado", article available here: portal de São Carlos/SP.
  10. Adaptation of the sistema SAPL Archived 2011-02-09 at the Wayback Machine to LexML.
  11. Alessandra Dorante (1997), "Investigação de processo de conversão automática de textos estruturados para hiperdocumentos", Dissertação (Mestrado).
  12. "GitHub - lexml/Lexml-linker: Parser de remissões entre normas legislativas".
  13. Krauss and Lima (2004) "Notação canônica para a citação de trechos de normas estatutárias jurídicas brasileiras", In: TIL2003, "1º Workshop em Tecnologia da Informação e da Linguagem Humana, 2003".
  14. LexML Brasil Schema, "Presentation, version 1.0". J.A.O. Lima, F. Ciciliati e GT LexML. December 2008. Available in projeto.lexml.gov.br
  15. Interview available in Blog Chapa Branca Archived 2014-08-07 at the Wayback Machine
  16. consultas.governoeletronico.gov.br Consulta: 0017 - Projeto LexML Brasil Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-09-17.
  17. "Portal LEXML, o 'Google das Leis', busca a adesão dos Estados e municípios", notícia da Convergencia Digital
  18. "Senado lança na terça-feira rede de informação legislativa e jurídica" news release from Brazilian Senate
  19. Launch program agenda Archived 2009-07-04 at the Wayback Machine.
  20. "LexML Brazil Project » VoxPopuLII".
  21. "Quantidade de Normas Editadas no Brasil: Período 05/10/1988 a 05/10/2004", G.L. Amaral e colaboradores. Instituto Brasileiro de Planejamento Tributário (IBPT), Curitiba, Paraná, 2005.
    Ver também, dos mesmos autores, "Quantidade de Normas Editadas no Brasil: 20 anos da Constituição Federal de 1988", 2008, disponível em publicação IBPT 13081/162.
  22. "SIMPLIFICANDO O BRASIL: PROPOSTAS DE REFORMA NA RELAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DO GOVERNO COM O SETOR PRIVADO", Zockun e colaboradores; FIPE 2007. Available in publicacoes FIPE Archived 2010-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
  23. "Brasil: burocracia e informalidade", A.E. Moraes, 2005. Available in Correio de Sergipe
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