Li Zhaoping

Li Zhaoping,[3] born in Shanghai, China, is a neuroscientist at the University of Tübingen in Germany.[4] She is the only woman to win the first place in CUSPEA, an annual national physics competition[5] in China, during CUSPEA's 10-year history (1979–1989). She proposed V1 Saliency Hypothesis (V1SH), and is the author of Understanding vision: theory, models, and data[6] published by Oxford University Press.

Li Zhaoping
李兆平
Born1964 (age 58–59)
EducationFudan University (B.S)
California Institute of Technology (PhD)
Known forV1 Saliency Hypothesis(V1SH).[1][2]
SpousePeter Dayan
Scientific career
FieldsComputational and Experimental Neuroscience
Experimental Psychology
InstitutionsFermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Institute for Advanced Study
Rockefeller University
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
University College London
University of Tuebingen
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
Websitewww.lizhaoping.org

Education

Li Zhaoping graduated from Fudan University in Shanghai in 1984 with a bachelor's degree in physics.[7] During 1984 to 1989, she did her Ph.D. study in Physics in California Institute of Technology.[8] Her Ph.D. supervisor was John J Hopfield.[9]

Career

After a brief stay in Fermilab, Zhaoping was a member for Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1990–1992,[10] and then was a postdoctoral fellow in Rockefeller University in 1992–1994.

In 1998, Li Zhaoping, together with Geoffrey Hinton and Peter Dayan, co-founded the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit in University College London.[11][12]

Currently, Li Zhaoping is a professor at the University of Tübingen.[13] She is also the head of the department of Sensory and Sensorimotor Systems[4] in Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics.

Personal life

She is married to Prof. Peter Dayan, the director of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics.

Research and theory

Li Zhaoping is known as the creator of the V1 Saliency Hypothesis, V1SH (pronounced 'vish'), that the primary visual cortex (V1) in primates creates a saliency map of the visual field to guide visual attention or gaze shifts exogenously.[1][14]

Proposed in the late-1990s, V1SH was unpopular initially, since it was contrary to the main and popular idea that the frontal and parietal areas of the brain are responsible for the saliency map.[15] As V1SH gathered more experimental support,[16][17][18] Zhaoping became more sought after for keynote or invited speeches in international conferences,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and V1SH rises from being unpopular to being controversial. Some report experimental data for the theory,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] while others report evidence against it.[34] It is argued that if V1SH holds, then the framework to understand how our brain solves the vision problem should be substantially changed.[35]

Zhaoping also used a model to propose that feedback from the olfactory cortex to the olfactory bulb serves to segment odors from background for individual odor recognition and carries out other top-down controls,[36] this proposal predicts and explains a diversity of behavioral and neural data.[36]

References
  1. Li, Zhaoping (2002-01-01). "A saliency map in primary visual cortex". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 6 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01817-9. ISSN 1364-6613. PMID 11849610. S2CID 13411369.
  2. Zhaoping, Li (2014-05-08). Understanding Vision: Theory, Models, and Data. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956466-8.
  3. "Li Zhaoping 李兆平".
  4. "Department for Sensory and Sensorimotor Systems". www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  5. "CUSPEA 84". CUSPEA 10 Years. July 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-07-20. Li Zhaoping is the first in the list
  6. Zhaoping, Li (2014-05-08). Understanding Vision: Theory, Models, and Data. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956466-8.
  7. "Shanghai FORUM - Li Zhaoping". www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  8. Li, Zhaoping (1990). A model of the olfactory bulb and beyond (phd thesis). California Institute of Technology.
  9. "Physics Tree - John J. Hopfield". academictree.org. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  10. "Zhaoping Li". Institute for Advanced Study. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
  11. "Peter Dayan and Li Zhaoping appointed to the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics". www.mpg.de. Retrieved 2019-12-15.
  12. "Pounds 10m centre to unlock brain's secrets". Times Higher Education (THE). 1998-01-16. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
  13. "Research Groups | University of Tübingen". uni-tuebingen.de. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
  14. Li, Zhaoping (1999-08-31). "Contextual influences in V1 as a basis for pop out and asymmetry in visual search". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (18): 10530–10535. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9610530L. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10530. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 17923. PMID 10468643.
  15. Itti, Laurent; Koch, Christof (March 2001). "Computational modelling of visual attention" (PDF). Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2 (3): 194–203. doi:10.1038/35058500. ISSN 1471-0048. PMID 11256080. S2CID 2329233.
  16. Zhaoping, Li (2008-05-01). "Attention capture by eye of origin singletons even without awareness—A hallmark of a bottom-up saliency map in the primary visual cortex". Journal of Vision. 8 (5): 1.1–18. doi:10.1167/8.5.1. ISSN 1534-7362. PMID 18842072.
  17. Yan, Yin; Zhaoping, Li; Li, Wu (2018-10-09). "Bottom-up saliency and top-down learning in the primary visual cortex of monkeys". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (41): 10499–10504. doi:10.1073/pnas.1803854115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6187116. PMID 30254154.
  18. Zhang, X.; Zhaoping, L.; Zhou, T.; Fang, F. (January 12, 2012). "Neural Activities in V1 Create a Bottom-Up Saliency Map" (PDF). Neuron. 73 (1): 183–192. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.035. PMID 22243756. S2CID 9767861.
  19. "Cosyne 07 - COSYNE". www.cosyne.org. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
  20. "CNS 2020". www.cnsorg.org. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
  21. "Visual Perception meets Computational Neuroscience | www.ecvp.uni-bremen.de". www.ecvp.uni-bremen.de. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
  22. "Q-bio 2015: Confirmed Invited Speakers - Q-bio". q-bio.org. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
  23. "Welcome to the 14th annual APCV and the 3rd CVSC". www.hk14888.com. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
  24. "SCiNDU: Systems and Computational Neuroscience Down Under". The Brain Dialogue. 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
  25. "ESI Systems Neuroscience Conference 2019".
  26. "Shanghai FORUM - Li Zhaoping". www.shanghaiforum.fudan.edu.cn. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
  27. Theeuwes, Jan (2010-10-01). "Top–down and bottom–up control of visual selection". Acta Psychologica. 135 (2): 77–99. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.02.006. ISSN 0001-6918. PMID 20507828.
  28. Bisley, James W.; Goldberg, Michael E. (2010). "Attention, Intention, and Priority in the Parietal Lobe". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 33 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-152823. PMC 3683564. PMID 20192813.
  29. Schwartz, Odelia; Hsu, Anne; Dayan, Peter (July 2007). "Space and time in visual context". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 8 (7): 522–535. doi:10.1038/nrn2155. ISSN 1471-0048. PMID 17585305. S2CID 42893510.
  30. Zhang, Xilin; Zhaoping, Li; Zhou, Tiangang; Fang, Fang (2012-01-12). "Neural Activities in V1 Create a Bottom-Up Saliency Map". Neuron. 73 (1): 183–192. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.035. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 22243756.
  31. Donk, Mieke; van Zoest, Wieske (July 2008). "Effects of salience are short-lived" (PDF). Psychological Science. 19 (7): 733–739. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02149.x. ISSN 1467-9280. PMID 18727790. S2CID 15304219.
  32. Töllner, Thomas; Zehetleitner, Michael; Gramann, Klaus; Müller, Hermann J. (2011-01-21). "Stimulus Saliency Modulates Pre-Attentive Processing Speed in Human Visual Cortex". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16276. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616276T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016276. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3025013. PMID 21283699.
  33. Maunsell, John H.R. (2015). "Neuronal Mechanisms of Visual Attention". Annual Review of Vision Science. 1 (1): 373–391. doi:10.1146/annurev-vision-082114-035431. PMC 8279254. PMID 28532368.
  34. White, Brian J.; Kan, Janis Y.; Levy, Ron; Itti, Laurent; Munoz, Douglas P. (2017-08-29). "Superior colliculus encodes visual saliency before the primary visual cortex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (35): 9451–9456. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701003114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5584409. PMID 28808026.
  35. Zhaoping, Li (2019-10-01). "A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. Computational Neuroscience. 58: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.06.001. ISSN 0959-4388. PMID 31271931. S2CID 195806018.
  36. Zhaoping, Li (2016-10-01). "Olfactory object recognition, segmentation, adaptation, target seeking, and discrimination by the network of the olfactory bulb and cortex: computational model and experimental data". Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 11: 30–39. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.009. ISSN 2352-1546. S2CID 27989941.
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