Lillian Segal

Lillian Segal Root (formerly Kopeloff), best known as Lillian Segal, was an explorer known for her participation in William Beebe's 1925 Arcturus expedition where she examined how light was produced by deep sea fish.

Lillian Segal
Born
Lillian Segal
Other namesLillian Segal Kopeloff[1]
Lillian Segal Root [2]

Biography

Segal was from Boston, and married Nicholas Kopeloff[1] in Boston on July 31, 1917.[3]: 176  She worked with him at the Louisiana Sugar Experiment Station in New Orleans where their research centered on sugars.[4][5] This research determined the factors causing sugar to breakdown and provided methods to prevent the undesired breakdown of sugars.[6]

She graduated from Barnard College in 1922,[2] with a B.A[7]: 312  and an MA.[7]: 325  and was appointed director of the department of biological chemistry at the Psychiatric Institute of the New York State Hospital the same year.[8] Her writings from this era include publications in The New Republic where she wrote on cancer[9][10] and drug addiction.[11][12]

Arcturus expedition

In 1925 Segal became a member of the Arcturus expedition that was led by William Beebe[13][14] where her official title was "Associate in charge of special problems".[15] She joined the ship in Norfolk, Virginia.[16] Segal's role was to determine how the light is produced by the fish, and her plan was to use a spectroscope but the light produced by the fish was too dim to make this work, though they tried on dead fish that were collected during the expedition.[17] To conduct her work on the ship, Segal had to devise her own chemical apparatus to collect fluids from the fish [18] Photos from during the expedition present Segal working on deck[19][20] and in the lab.[21] The ship returned to land in August 1925.[22]

In interviews given at the end of the expedition, Beebe credited the four women on the ship, Segal along with Ruth Rose, Marie Poland Fish, Helen Tee-Van,[23] for his success.[24] In 1928, William K. Gregory published the results of their work on the Arcturus expedition, with an acknowledgement to Segal's contribution on the project.[25]

Later life

Segal died on September 8, 1991.[26]

Selected publications
  • Kopeloff, Nicholas; Kopeloff, Lillian (1919). "The Deterioration of Manufactured Cane Sugar by Molds". Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 11 (9): 845–850. doi:10.1021/ie50117a007. ISSN 0095-9014.
  • Kopeloff, Nicholas; Byall, S.; Kopeloff, Lillian (1920). "The Effect of Concentration on the Deteriorative Activity of Mold Spores in Sugar". Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 12 (3): 256–257. doi:10.1021/ie50123a018. ISSN 0095-9014.
  • Kopeloff, Lillian Segal; Kopeloff, Nicholas (1923). "Indican as influenced by bacillus acidophilus therapy". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 20 (7): 380. doi:10.3181/00379727-20-183. S2CID 87782543.
  • Kopeloff, L. S. (1924-04-01). "Further studies on the effect of bacillus acidophilus therapy on indican excretion". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 21 (7): 382–383. doi:10.3181/00379727-21-193. ISSN 1535-3702. S2CID 87989549.
  • SEGAL, LILIAN; HINSIE, LELAND E. (1926). "The Cyanosis of Dementia Praecox a Study of the Gas Relationships of the Blood". The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 171 (5): 727–739. doi:10.1097/00000441-192605000-00013. ISSN 0002-9629. S2CID 72179324.

References
  1. "Clipped From The Denver Jewish News". The Denver Jewish News. 1920-06-16. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  2. Barnard College Alumnae Magazine. Barnard College. Barnard College. 1946.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. Garden, New York Botanical (1965). Biographical Notes Upon Botanists. Compiled by John Hendley Barnhart ... and Maintained in the New York Botanical Garden. G.K. Hall & Company.
  4. "Heavy loss of sugar stopped". The Frederick Leader. 1920-12-04. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  5. "Science increases available sugar". The New York Times. 1920-10-03. p. 45. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  6. The Literary Digest 1920-09-25: Vol 66 Iss 13. Internet Archive. 1920-09-25.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. Columbia University (1897). Catalogue. Columbia University Libraries. New York.
  8. "Scientific notes and news". 56 (1447). New York, N.Y: [s.n.] 1922: 330. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. Kopeloff, Nicholas; Kopeloff, Lillian Segal (1923-04-11). "Cancer Control". The New Republic. Vol. 34, no. 436. New Republic. pp. 184–186.
  10. "Cigarettes least harmful and the reason for this". The Times-Tribune. 1923-09-28. p. 14. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
  11. "The Maligned Cigarette". Wausau Daily Herald. 1923-10-02. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  12. Kopeloff, Nicholas; Kopeloff, Lillian Segal (March 7, 1923). "The Drug Evil". The New Republic. Vol. 34, no. 431. Republic Publishing Company.
  13. "ARCTURUS SAILS FOR SARGASSO SEA; William Beebe Expedition Will Study the Forms of Deep-Sea Life. TO BE GONE FOR MONTHS Will Visit Galapagos Islands and Survey Humboldt Current -- to Tell Results in The Times". The New York Times. 1925-02-11. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  14. Zanglein, Jayne (2021-03-02). The Girl Explorers: The Untold Story of the Globetrotting Women Who Trekked, Flew, and Fought Their Way Around the World. Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN 978-1-7282-1525-9.
  15. McLeod, Katherine (2015). "Sinking Beneath the Surface-William Beebe, the Department of Tropical Research and Marine Ecology". Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. 24 (2): 26–31. doi:10.1002/lob.10021. S2CID 131445057.
  16. "Party sails to pluck secrets from graveyard of oceans". Daily News. 1925-02-11. p. 128. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  17. "Beebe and Arcturus home with marvels". The New York Times. 1925-07-31. pp. 1, 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  18. Midweek Pictorial. Vol. 21. Internet Archive. 1925-05-28. p. 10.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  19. Brown, Raymond (1925). "Exploring a jungle in mid-Atlantic". Vol. 106, no. 5. Internet Archive. Popular Science Monthly.
  20. "Beebe, famous naturalist, finds life 2 miles below Sargasso Sea". The Courier-Journal. 1925-03-10. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  21. The Illustrated London News 1925-04-11: Vol 166 Iss 4486. Internet Archive. Illustrated London News. 1925-04-11.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  22. Midweek Pictorial 1925-08-13: Vol 21 Iss 25. Vol. 21. Internet Archive. 1925-08-13. p. 13.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  23. "The Artcturus, a modern ark, home with Beebe in Noah role". Daily News. 1925-07-31. p. 48. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  24. "Rare specimens of fish brough [sic] in by New York explorer". Johnson City Chronicle. 1925-07-31. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  25. Gregory, William K. (1928-03-01). "Studies on the body-forms of fishes". Zoologica: Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society. 8 (6): 325–421. doi:10.5962/p.203758. ISSN 0044-507X.
  26. "Barnard Alumnae Magazine". No. Spring / Summer. Barnard College. Barnard College. 1992.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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