List of Egyptian mummies (royalty)

The following is a list of mummies that include Egyptian pharaohs and their named mummified family members.[lower-alpha 1] Some of these mummies have been found to be remarkably intact, while others have been damaged from tomb robbers and environmental conditions. It was not until Pharaoh Den of the first dynasty that things such as a staircase and architectural elements were added which provided better protection from the elements.[1]

For a list of Egyptian mummies that are not royalty, see List of Egyptian mummies (officials, nobles, and commoners).

Identified
Image Name Alias Year of death Dynasty Sex Year discovered Description
Ahhotep II — Un­known 17th Female 1858 1858 The mummy of Ahhotep II was destroyed in 1859.[2]
Ahmose (princess) — Un­known 17th Female 1903 1903-1905 Princess Ahmose was buried in tomb QV47 in the Valley of the Queens.[3] Her mummy was discovered by Ernesto Schiaparelli during his excavations from 1903-1905.[4]
Ahmose I Amasis 1525 1525 BC 18th Male 1881 1881 Ahmose I's mummy was discovered in 1881 within the Deir el-Bahri Cache. His name was later found written in hieroglyphs when the mummy was unwrapped. The body bore signs of having been plundered by ancient grave-robbers, his head having been broken off from his body and his nose smashed.[5]
Ahmose-Henutemipet — Un­known 17th/18th Female 1881 1881 Ahmose-Henutemipet was found in 1881 entombed in DB320. Her remains were found badly damaged, likely by tomb robbers.
Ahmose-Henuttamehu — Un­known 17th/18th Female 1881 1881 Ahmose-Henuttamehu was found in 1881 entombed in DB320. Like Ahmose-Henutemipet, she was found to be an old woman when she died as her teeth are worn.
Ahmose-Meritamon Meryetamun Un­known 17th Female Un­known Ahmose-Meritamon was found entombed in DB320. Like other mummies of the era, she was found to be heavily damaged by tomb robbers. An examination of her mummy shows that she suffered a head wound prior to her death which was the possible result of falling backwards.[6] CT scanning in 2020 estimated her to be in her 50s at death. She had extensively hardened arteries (atherosclerosis) and is suggested to have died of a heart attack. Her unusual pose is likely the position she died in and was mummified in it due to the onset of rigor mortis.[7]
Ahmose-Meritamun Ahmose-Meritamon Un­known 18th Female 1930 1930 Her mummy was found carefully rewrapped, which was determined to have occurred during the reign of Pinedjem I.
Ahmose Inhapy Ahmose-Inhapi Un­known 17th/18th Female 1881 1881 The mummy was found in the outer coffin of Lady Rai, the nurse of Inhapy's niece Queen Ahmose-Nefertari. Her skin was still present, and no evidence of salt was found. The body was sprinkled with aromatic powdered wood and wrapped in resin soaked linen.[8]
— Ahmose-Sitamun Sitamun Un­known 18th Female Un­known Ahmose-Sitamun was found entombed in DB320. At some point she was moved to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo where she remains to this day.
Ahmose-Sitkamose Sitkamose Un­known 17th/18th Female 1881 1881 Sitkamose's mummy was discovered in 1881 in the Deir el-Bahari cache. Her mummy was unwrapped by Gaston Maspero on June 19, 1886 where it was found to be damaged by tomb robbers. Sitkamose was about thirty years old when she died, Grafton Eliot Smith described her as a strong-built, almost masculine woman.[9]
— Ahmose-Tumerisy — Un­known 17th Female Un­known Ahmose-Tumerisy was an ancient Egyptian princess of the late 17th Dynasty. Since her titles were "King's Daughter" and "King's Sister", it is likely that she was a daughter of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and a sister of pharaoh Ahmose I. Her name is known from her coffin, which is now in the Hermitage Museum. Her mummy was found in the pit MMA 1019 in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna.[10]
— Amenemhat Son of Thutmose IV Un­known 18th Male 1903 1903 Amenemhat was a prince of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt; the son of Pharaoh Thutmose IV.[11] He is depicted in the Theban tomb TT64, which is the tomb of the royal tutors Heqareshu and his son Heqaerneheh.[12] He died young and was buried in his father's tomb in the Valley of the Kings, KV43, together with his father and a sister called Tentamun.[13] His canopic jars and possible mummy were found there.[14]
— Amenemope Usermaatre Amenemope 0992 992 or 984 BC 21st Male 1946 1946 While the tomb was discovered in 1940, his mummy was not found until the end of World War II. The mummy was found with various jewelry and two funerary masks which are now all displayed at the Cairo Museum.
— Amenemopet — Un­known 18th Female 1857 1857 The mummy of Amenemopet was buried in the Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache where it was discovered in 1857.
Amenhotep I Amenophis I 1506 1506 or 1504 BC 18th Male Un­known His mummy was moved sometime in the 20th or 21st Dynasty for safety, probably more than once. The mummy of Amenhotep I features an exquisite face mask which has caused his body not to be unwrapped by modern Egyptologists.
Amenhotep II Amenophis II 1401 1401 or 1397 BC 18th Male 1898 1898
Amenhotep III Amāna-Ḥātpa 1353 1353 or 1351 BC 18th Male 1898 1898 [15]
— Ashayet Ashait Un­known 11th Female Un­known
— Djedkare Isesi Tancheres Un­known 5th Male 1940s
Duathathor-Henuttawy Henuttawy Un­known 20th Female Un­known
— Henhenet — Un­known 11th Female Un­known
— Henuttawy C Henettawy Un­known 21st Female 1923 1923-1924
Hornakht Harnakht Un­known 22nd Male 1942 1942
— Kamose — 1550 1550 BC 17th Male 1857 1857 In 1857, the mummy of Kamose was discovered seemingly deliberately hidden in a pile of debris. Egyptologists Auguste Mariette, and Heinrich Brugsch noted that the mummy was in very poor shape.
— Mayet Miit 2010 2010 BC 11th Female 1921 1921 Mayet's position within the royal family of Mentuhotep II is disputed.[16] It is generally assumed that she was a daughter of the king as she was about five years old when she died.
Merneptah Merenptah 1203 1203 BC 19th Male 1898 1898
— Mutnedjmet Various 1332 1319 or 1332 BC 18th Female Un­known
— Nauny Nany Un­known 21st Female Un­known
— Nebetia — Un­known 18th Female 1857 1857
— Neferefre Raneferef Un­known 5th Male Un­known
Nesitanebetashru — Un­known 21st Female Un­known
Pentawer Pentaweret; Unknown man E 1155 1155 BC 20th Male Un­known
— Pyhia  • Pyihia
 • Petepihu		 Un­known 18th Female 1857 1857 Pyhia or Pyihia or Petepihu (Ancient Egyptian: p3-ỉḥỉ3) was a princess during the 18th Dynasty, and the daughter of Thutmose IV. Her mummy was reburied in the Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache along with that of several other princesses: her probable sisters Amenemopet and Tiaa; her niece Nebetia and Princesses Tatau, Henutiunu, Merytptah, Sithori and Wiay.
Psusennes I Pasibkhanu 1001 1001 BC 21st Male 1940 1940
Ramesses I Ramses 1290 1290 BC 19th Male 1817 1817 [17][18]
Ramesses II Ramesses the Great 1213 1213 BC 19th Male 1881 1881
Ramesses III Usimare Ramesses III 1155 1155 BC 20th Male 1886 1886
Ramesses IV Heqamaatre Ramesses IV 1149 1149 BC 20th Male 1898 1898
Ramesses V Usermaatre Sekheperenre Ramesses V 1145 1145 BC 20th Male 1898 1898
Ramesses VI Ramesses VI Nebmaatre-Meryamun 1137 1137 BC 20th Male 1898 1898
— Ramesses IX Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset 1111 1111 BC 20th Male 1881 1881
— Ranefer Ranofer Un­known 4th Male Un­known
Seqenenre Tao  • Seqenera Djehuty-aa,
 • Sekenenra Taa		 Un­known 17th Male 1881 1881
— Sesheshet Sesh Un­known 6th Female 2009 2009
Seti I Sethos I 1279 1279 BC 19th Male 1881 1881 [19][20]
Seti II Sethos II 1193 1193 BC 19th Male 1908 1908
Shoshenq II  • Heqakheperre Shoshenq II
 • Shoshenq IIa		 885 885 BC 22nd Male 1939 1939
Siptah Merenptah Siptah 1191 1191 BC 19th Male 1898 1898
Sitdjehuti Satdjehuti Un­known 17th Female 1820 1820
Thutmose II Various 1479 1479 BC 18th Male 1881 1881 [21][22]
Thutmose III Various 1425 1425 BC 18th Male 1881 1881
Thutmose IV Menkheperure 1391 1391 or 1388 BC 18th Male 1898 1898
— Tiaa (princess) — Un­known 18th Female 1857 1857
Tiye The Older Lady 1338 1338 BC 18th Female 1898 1898 Tiye was found to be extensively damaged by past tomb robbers.
Tutankhamun King Tut 1323 1323 BC 18th Male 1922 1922 See: Tutankhamun's mummy
Tjuyu  • Thuya,
 • Thuyu		 1375 1375 BC 18th Female 1905 1905
Webensenu — Un­known 18th Male 1898 1898 Webensenu was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 18th Dynasty. He was a son of Pharaoh Amenhotep II.[23] He is mentioned, along with his brother Nedjem, on a statue of Minmose, overseer of the works in Karnak.[24] He died as a child and was buried in his father's tomb, KV35, where there were found his canopic jars and shabtis. His mummy is still there, and it indicates that he died around the age of ten.[25][26]


Disputed

The following entries are previously identified mummies that are now in dispute. Over time through the advance in technology, new information comes to light that discredits old findings and beliefs. The mummies that have been lost or destroyed since initial discovery may never be properly identified.

Image Alias Assumed name(s) Dynasty Sex Year discovered Description
— Ahmose-Nefertari 18th Female 1881 1881 Ahmose-Nefertari is assumed to have been retrieved from her tomb at the end of the New Kingdom and moved to the royal cache in DB320. Her presumed body, with no identification marks, was discovered in the 19th century and unwrapped in 1885 by Emile Brugsch but this identification has been challenged.[27] When the mummy was found it emitted such a bad odor that it was reburied on museum grounds in Cairo until the offensive smell abated. If this is Ahmose-Nefertari, then she was determined to have died in her 70s. The mummy's hair had been thinning and plaits of false hair had been woven in with its own to cover this up. The body also had been damaged in antiquity and was missing its right hand.[28] Despite the disputed attribution, the mummy was included in the 2021 Pharaohs' Golden Parade.
— Ahmose Sapair 18th Male 1881 1881 In 1881, a mummy of a 5- to 6-year-old boy was found in cache (DB320) and identified as Ahmose-Sipair. This was disputed as Prince Ahmose-Sipair is always portrayed as an adult on the coffin of the scribe and other antiquities, thus the child-mummy cannot be his.[29]
KV55 mummy Akhenaten or Smenkhkare 18th Male 1907 1907 Uncertainty remains over the identity of this mummy as the young age at death is inconsistent with Akhenaten's reign. CT scans done in 2010 strongly suggest that the mummy may be Pharaoh Smenkhkare.
— KV21A Ankhesenamun 18th Female 1817 1817 Assumed to be Ankhesenamun, as she is the mother of the two fetuses found in Tutankhamun's tomb. Uncertainty remains if the mummy found in KV55 is accepted to be Akhenaten. She is also known as mummy KV21A, after the tomb that she was discovered in.
KV60A Hatshepsut 18th Female 1903 1903 In 1903, Howard Carter had discovered tomb KV60 in the Valley of the Kings. It contained two female mummies: one identified as Hatshepsut's wet nurse and the other unidentified. The latter of the two (KV60A), was removed from the tomb in 2007 and identified as Hatshepsut by inspecting the mouth. These results have since been disputed from a 2011 study which cited a misplaced molar.
The Younger Lady Nebetah, Beketaten or Nefertiti 18th Female 1898 1898 This mummy was found lying in a side chamber of KV35. The body was extensively damaged by past tomb robbers which caused numerous holes. Early speculation was that the mummy belonged to Queen Nefertiti. DNA testing published in 2010 revealed The Younger Lady is a daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and his chief wife Tiye and the mother of Tutankhamun. This report concluded that the mummy is likely Beketaten, or Nebetah.[30] Despite the DNA results, Egyptologists such as Marc Gabolde and Aidan Dodson support the identification of this body as that of Nefertiti.[31][32]
— Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 6th Male 1881 1881 A mummy was uncovered in 1881 by Émile and Heinrich Karl Brugsch in the black basalt sarcophagus of the burial chamber of the Pyramid of Merenre. The mummy is that of a 1.66 m (5.4 ft)-tall man, already in a poor condition at discovery as ancient tomb robbers had partially torn off its wrappings. The Brugsch brothers further damaged the mummy while transporting it back to Cairo.

Preliminary forensic analyses indicated that it belonged to a young man, with possible traces of his sidelock of youth still visible at the time of discovery. The identity of the mummy remains uncertain as Grafton Elliot Smith, who performed these analyses, observed that the technique employed for the wrapping was typical of the 18th Dynasty rather than the 6th. Re-wrapping of older mummies are known to have occurred so that this observation does not necessarily preclude that the mummy be that of Merenre. The mummy has not been studied since and its identification remains uncertain.

The mummy in the boat Setnakhte 20th Male 1898 1898 The alleged mummy of Setnakhte has never been identified with certainty, although the so–called "mummy in the boat" found in KV35 was sometimes identified with him, an attribution rejected by Aidan Dodson who rather believes the body belonged to a royal family member of Amenhotep II of the 18th Dynasty. In any case the mummy was destroyed by looters in 1901, thus preventing any analysis on it.[33]
Unknown woman B Tetisheri 17th/18th Female 1881 1881 No tomb has yet been conclusively identified with Queen Tetisheri, though a mummy that may be hers was included among other members of the royal family that were reburied in the Royal Cache.
— Thutmose I 18th Male 1881 1881 Egyptologist Gaston Maspero thought this was the mummy of Thutmose I largely on the strength of familial resemblance to the mummies of Thutmose II and Thutmose III. In 2007 though, Dr. Zahi Hawass announced that the mummy is a thirty-year-old man who had died as a result of an arrow wound to the chest. Due to the young age of the mummy and the cause of death, it was determined that the mummy was probably not of Thutmose I.[34] Despite this, the mummy was included in the 2021 Pharaohs' Golden Parade.

See also

Notes
  1. Mummies have been found by archaeologists whom have determined their royal status, but have not been able to provide any real conclusive name. These are usually given informal numbers based on their tomb locations (ex: KV##A (Valley of the Kings) and QV##A (Valley of the Queens). These nameless individuals are not listed here as not enough given information is available.

References
  1. Shaw, Ian and Nicholson, Paul. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. p. 84. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1995. ISBN 0-8109-9096-2
  2. Ann Macy Roth, The Ahhotep Coffins, Gold of Praise: Studies of Ancient Egypt in honor of Edward F. Wente, 1999
  3. Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004) ISBN 0-500-05128-3, p. 128
  4. Demas, Martha, and Neville Agnew, eds. 2012. Valley of the Queens Assessment Report: Volume 1. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute. Getty Conservation Institute, link to article
  5. Smith, G Elliot. The Royal Mummies, pp. 15–17. Duckworth, 2000 (reprint).
  6. G.E. Smith, Catalogue General Antiquites Egyptiennes du Musee du Caire: The Royal Mummies, 1912, pp 6-8 and pl IV. Available via University of Chicago
  7. Hawass, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (December 2020). "Computed tomography examination of the screaming mummy "Unknown-Woman-A"". Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 51 (1). doi:10.1186/s43055-020-00255-6.
  8. E.G. Smith, Catalogue General Antiquites Egyptiennes du Musee du Caire: The Royal Mummies, Cairo, 1912; retrieved from The University of Chicago Library
  9. Mummy of Ahmose-Sitkamose
  10. Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004). The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05128-3., p. 128
  11. Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004). The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05128-3., p.137
  12. Dodson & Hilton, p.134
  13. Dodson & Hilton, p.135
  14. Dodson & Hilton, p.137
  15. Beckerath, Jürgen von, Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, (1997) p.190
  16. Michael Rice: Who is who in Ancient Egypt. Routledge, London/New York 1999. ISBN 978-0-203-44328-6, p. 117.
  17. Jürgen von Beckerath, Chronologie des Äegyptischen Pharaonischen (Mainz: Phillip von Zabern, 1997), p.190
  18. Rice, Michael (1999). Who's Who in Ancient Egypt. Routledge.
  19. Michael Rice (1999). Who's Who in Ancient Egypt. Routledge.
  20. J. von Beckerath (1997). Chronologie des Äegyptischen Pharaonischen (in German). Phillip von Zabern. p. 190.
  21. Grimal, Nicolas. A History of Ancient Egypt. p.204. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988
  22. Shaw, Ian; and Nicholson, Paul. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. p. 289. The British Museum Press, 1995
  23. Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004). The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05128-3., p.141
  24. Wolfgang Helck: Urkunden der 18. Dynastie, Heft 18, Berlin 1956, pp. 1447
  25. Dodson & Hilton, pp.135,141
  26. Betsy Bryan: The 18th Dynasty before the Amarna Period, in Ian Shaw (editor): The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford, New York 2000, ISBN 978-0192804587, p. 248
  27. Dylan (July 22, 2014). "The so-called Royal Cachette TT 320 was not the grave of Ahmose Nefertari!". www.dylanb.me.uk. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  28. Tyldesley, Joyce. Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2006. ISBN 0-500-05145-3
  29. "XVIII'th Dynasty Gallery I". The Theban Royal Mummy Project. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  30. Hawass, Zahi; Gad, Yehia Z.; Ismail, Somaia; Khairat, Rabab; Fathalla, Dina; Hasan, Naglaa; Ahmed, Amal; Elleithy, Hisham; Ball, Marcus; Gaballah, Fawzi; Wasef, Sally; Fateen, Mohamed; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Selim, Ashraf; Zink, Albert; Pusch, Carsten M. (February 2010). "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family". The Journal of the American Medical Association. 303 (7): 641. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.121. PMID 20159872. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  31. Dodson, Aidan (2018). Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian counter-reformation (Revised ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-977-416-859-8.
  32. Gabolde, Marc (2013). "L'ADN de la famille royale amarnienne et les sources égyptiennes - de la complémentarité des méthodes et des résultats". Égypte Nilotique et Méditerranéenne, Montpellier: UMR 5140 - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier (in French). 3 (6): 177–203. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  33. Schneider, Thomas (2010). "Contributions to the Chronology of the New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period". Ägypten & Levante. 20., pp. 386–387
  34. Anderson, Lisa (14 July 2007). "Mummy awakens new era in Egypt". Chicago Tribune.
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