List of Gija Joseon monarchs

Gija Joseon (12th century BC–2nd century BC) is the name of an ancient, semi-legendary Korean kingdom that is first attested in historical works of the 13th century AD and later. The narrative of the Gojoseon dynasty that this list describes, has been challenged by scholars in the 20th century.

After the semi-legendary rulers of Dangun and Gija (Jizi in Chinese), Bu of Gojoseon and his son Jun of Gojoseon are attested as the first verified recorded local ruler of Korea.[1] King Jun was overthrown however by Wiman of Gojoseon, a Chinese General from the Yan Kingdom (Han dynasty) who established short-lived dynasty.[2] Wiman's grandson, Ugeo of Gojoseon, would be Gojoseon's last ruler, as Gojoseon was conquered by the Han dynasty in 108 BC.

Monarchs of Gija Joseon

#PortraitWesternizedHanja/HangulPeriod of reignComments[3]
1Gija(箕子)文聖大王
문성대왕
1122BCE-1082BCEFounder of Kingdom
2King Song(松)莊惠王(장혜왕1082BCE-1057BCESaid to have founded the ancestral temple(宗廟)
3King Sun(詢)敬孝王(경효왕1057BCE-1030BCE
4King Bak(伯)恭贞王(공정왕1030BCE-1000BCESaid to have restructured the classes of officials created the attire of officials(公服)
5King Ch'un(椿)文武王(문무왕1000BCE-972BCESaid to have established different measurement units for sound, length, volume and weight.Established a royal guard of 7000 men.Set the calendar.
6King Ye(禮)太原王(태원왕972BCE-968BCE
7King Jang(莊)景昌王(경창왕968BCE-957BCE
8King Ch'ak(捉)兴平王(흥평왕957BCE-943BCECreated currency.
9King Jo(調)哲威王(철위왕943BCE-925BCESaid to have raised a lot of horses
10King Sak(索)宣惠王(선혜왕925BCE-896BCERecommended agricultural activities.Established educational institution called Hyeonyangwon to cultivate wise men skilled in six arts, which were calligraphy,rituals,horse riding,archery, music and mathematics.Installed a Sounding stone for the people to report their complaints.
11King Sa(師)谊襄王(의양왕)or 諠讓王 (훤양왕896BCE-843BCECreated burden for the People with construction works.
12King Yum(炎)文惠王(문혜왕843BCE-793BCECreated a law for hunger relief of his subjects.Taught the Five Constant Virtues
13King Wul(越)盛德王(성덕왕793BCE-778BCEBanned rituals to evil ghosts.
14King Jik(職)悼怀王(도회왕778BCE-776BCE
15King U(優)文烈王(문열왕776BCE-761BCEMade paddles for boats and treated Kamkachal(甘加察) well.
16King Mok(睦)昌国王(창국왕761BCE-748BCE
17King P'yung(平)武成王(무성왕748BCE-722BCEAt the time of ascending to the throne, he was to young so his mother ruled as Queen regent.Built a naval army and constructed ships.[4]
18King Gwul(闕)贞敬王(정경왕722BCE-703BCEHunger relief of his subjects by buying the rice from Qi and Lu with money made from selling iron, copper, seafood and salt.
19King Hwe(懷)乐成王(낙성왕703BCE-675BCEWent around every county,hired great officials and fired incompetent ones.Recommended good things while punishing the bad.Also relieved his subjects' hunger. The King is said to have beheaded the Mudang Yeongwoon(鈴雲),described to be evil.
20King Jon(存)孝宗王(효종왕675BCE-658BCEEstablished institution called Jeyangwon to relieve the bereaved and orphans.Punished bribery with beheadings. Installed the Baksagwan, which decided important matters regarding state affairs and military.Sent Seonwooik to the state of Qi to learn the political tactics of Duke Huan of Qi.Sent gifts to the tribal leader of Xianbei.
21King Hyo(孝)天老王(천효왕658BCE-634BCEWas seduced by bad official Baekilchong to build a Pavilion decorated with precious stone in the mountains.Sent funerary statements for the death of Duke Huan of Qi.
22King Yang(襄)修道王(수도왕634BCE-615BCEBaekilchong was given a huge post in the court, honest officials were fired.Attempted to find the immortals. Assassinated people who tried to assassinate Baekilchong.
23King Ha(遐)徽襄王(휘양왕615BCE-594BCEKilled BaekIlchong.Collected taxes regarding houses and markets.
24King Ch'am(參)奉日王(봉일왕594BCE-578BCEThe young king was in house arrest, after his uncle was killed by Gongsunkang.
25King Geun(勤)德昌王(덕창왕578BCE-560BCERose to the throne after overthrowing Gongsunkang who was killed. Said to be a good King.
26King Sak(朔)寿圣王(수성왕560BCE-519BCESaid to have received tributes from Ezo(Hokkaido).Installed the Jonhyongwan.
27King Yö(藜)英杰王(영걸왕519BCE-503BCEKilled someone charged with bribery by boiling them.Conquered land of the Northern barbarians.
28King Gang(岡)逸民王(일민왕)or 逸聖王(일성왕503BCE-486BCEInstalled educational institutions to teach them about filling piety, business and Agriculture.
29King Hon(混)济世王(제세왕486BCE-465BCEBanned secretly trading with Qi and Lu.
30King Pyuk(璧)清国王(청국왕)or 靖國王(정국왕465BCE-432BCEAdded an institution to the court that gives honest feedback to wrongdoings.
31King Jing(澄)导国王(도국왕432BCE-413BCEA big revolt occurred, where 36 counties were affected.King exiled to Hyolgu(identified as Ganghwado). Capital restored after 2 years.
32King Chok(隲)赫圣王(혁성왕413BCE-385BCESent inspectors to look for wrongdoings in rural areas.
33King Seup(謵)和罗王(화라왕385BCE-369BCEFought with the state of Yan and won.
34King Ha(賀)说文王(설문왕369BCE-361BCEInstalled Bakmungwan to raise wise scholars.Invaded by state of Yan.
35King Hwa(華)庆顺王(경순왕361BCE-342BCEIn response to a call for help by the Northern barbarians to help deal with the Invasion of Yan, showed immense success against Yan,taking the fortress of Yan.
36King Hu(詡)嘉德王(가덕왕342BCE-315BCEAttempted a Invasion of Yan, but was discouraged from doing so.
37King Uk(煜)三老王(삼로왕315BCE-290BCENorthern barbarians sent a musician.
38King Suk(釋)显文王(현문왕290BCE-251BCESelected 200 wise scholars.Plowed the land on his own.Ancestral rites to Dangun.
39King Yun(潤)章平王(장평왕251BCE-232BCEFurious at not sending tributes went to war, but lost.
40King Bu(否)宗统王(종통왕232BCE-220BCESaid to have arrested thieves by hiring people well versed in law.
41King Jun(準)哀王(애왕220BCE-195BCESaid to have helped Gaozu of Han by sending troops to counter against Chu forces.

See also

References

  1. "The Beginnings of Korea's History (Prehistoric Times – Gojoseon)". Korea.Net. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  2. Lee, Ki-Baik (1984). The New History of Korea. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 16–17.
  3. The history book of the Korean Empire called DaedongCheongsa, published in 1910.
  4. "동국사략".
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