List of Mars landers

The following table is a list of successful and unsuccessful Mars landers. As of 2022, 21 lander missions and 8 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars. Of 21 landers, the Curiosity rover, Perseverance rover, and Tianwen-1 are currently in operation on Mars.

Mars landers
Table consisting of list of Mars landers
S.No Landers Launch Date Landing Date Mass (kg)[1] Landing Site Region Status Country of Origin MOLA Entry Velocity References
1. Mars 2MV-3 No.1 04 Nov 1962 25 Nov 1962 890 - - Failed  Soviet Union - - [2]
2. Mars 2 19 May 1971 27 Nov 1971 1210 45°S 47°E♦ - Failed  Soviet Union - - [3][4]
3. Mars 3 28 May 1971 02 Dec 1971 1210 45°S 202°E♦ Sirenum Terra Partial Success  Soviet Union - 5.7 km/sec [5][4]
4. Mars 6 05 Aug 1973 12 Mar 1974 635 23.90°S 19.4°W Margaritifer Terra Failed  Soviet Union - - [6][4]
5. Mars 7 09 Aug 1973 - 635 - - Failed  Soviet Union - - [7][4]
6. Viking 1 20 Aug 1975 20 Jul 1976 572 22.27°N 47.95°W Chryse Planitia Success  USA -3.5 4.61 km/sec [8]
7. Viking 2 09 Sep 1975 03 Sep 1976 572 47.64°N 225.71°W Utopia Planitia Success  USA -3.5 4.61 km/sec [9]
8. Phobos 1§ 07 Jul 1988 - 2600† - - Failed  Soviet Union - - [10]
9. Phobos 2§ 12 Jul 1988 - 2600† - - Failed  Soviet Union - - [10]
10. Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 - 3159 41°31N 153°77 W♦ - Failed  Russia - 5.75♦ km/sec [11]
11. Mars Pathfinder 04 Dec 1996 04 Jul 1997 361 19°7′48″ N 33°18′12″W Ares Vallis Success  USA -2.5 7.26 km/sec [12][13]
12. Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan 1999 03 Dec 1999 583 76°S 195°W Ultimi Scopuli Failed  USA -3.0 6.91 km/sec [14][15]
13. Beagle 2 02 Jun 2003 25 Dec 2003 33.2 11.5265°N 90.4295°E Isidis Planitia Failed  United Kingdom - 5.63 km/sec [16][17]
14. Spirit rover 10 Jun 2003 4 Jan 2004 174 14.5684°S 175.4726°E Gusev Crater Success  USA -1.9 5.4 km/sec [18][19][20]
15. Opportunity rover 07 Jul 2003 25 Jan 2004 174 1.9462°S 354.4743°E Meridiani Planum Success  USA -1.4 5.5 km/sec [18][21][20]
16. Phoenix lander 04 Aug 2007 5 May 2008 350 68.22°N 125.7°W Vastitas Borealis Success  USA -3.5 5.59 km/sec [12]
17. Curiosity rover 26 Nov 2011 5 Aug 2012 899 4.5895°S 137.4417°E Gale Crater Operational  USA 2.0 5.6 km/sec [22][23][20]
18. Schiaparelli EDM 14 Mar 2016 19 Oct 2016 577 2.052°S 6.208°W Meridiani Planum Failed European UnionESA/ Russia 1.45 5.83 km/sec [24]
19. InSight Mars Lander 5 May 2018 26 Nov 2018 727 4.5°N 135.9°E Elysium Planitia Success  USA -2.5 6.3 km/sec [25]
20. Perseverance rover 30 Jul 2020 18 Feb 2021 1,025 18.4447°N 77.4508°E Jezero crater Operational  USA - - [26]
21. Tianwen-1 23 July 2020 14 May 2021 240 25.1°N, 109.7°E Utopia Planitia Operational  China - 4.8 km/sec [27]

§ - Spacecraft intended for Martian moons (Phobos and Deimos), †Entry Mass, ♦ Estimated, MOLA - Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter

Table consisting of sub-landers onboard Mars landers
S.No Sub-Landers Type Lander Slot Launch Date Mass (kg) Status References
1. Prop-M Rover Mars 2 19 May 1971 4.5 Failed [3][4]
2. Prop-M Rover Mars 3 28 May 1971 4.5 Not deployed [4][5]
3. Mars 96 Penetrator Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 88 Failed [11]
4. Deep Space 2 Penetrator Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan 1999 2.4 Failed [14][15]
5. Sojourner Rover Mars Pathfinder 04 Dec 1996 11.5 Success [12][13]
6. Mars helicopter Ingenuity UAV Helicopter Mars 2020 Perseverance rover 30 Jul 2021 1.8 Success
7. Zhurong Rover Tianwen-1 23 Jul 2021 240 Success
8. Tianwen-1 Remote camera Camera Zhurong rover 1 June 2021 <1 Success

Future proposed Mars lander missions
List of future proposed Mars lander missions
Lander Proposed Launch Country Agency Type Sub-Lander References
Mars MetNet Precursor ? Finland FMI Impact Lander - [28]
Mars MetNet ? Finland FMI Multi-lander - [29]
Icebreaker 2026 US NASA Lander - [30]
Martian Moons Exploration 2024 Japan JAXA Lander Sample Return [31]
Phootprint 2024 Europe ESA Lander Ascent Stage [32]
Fobos-Grunt (Repeat) 2024 Russia ROSCOSMOS Lander Ascent Stage [33]
Mars-Grunt 2024 Russia ROSCOSMOS Lander - [1]
BOLD 2020 US NASA Impact Lander 6-Impact Lander [34]
Mars Lander 2020 South Korea KARI Lander - [35]

See also

References
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  2. Biswal.m, Malaya Kumar; Annavarapu, Ramesh Naidu (2019). Comparative EDL Summary of Mars Landers (Report). doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.13568.07682.
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  21. "GeoHack - Opportunity rover". geohack.toolforge.org. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
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  26. "Mission Overview". NASA Mars. NASA. Archived from the original on 2022-04-10. Retrieved 2020-05-05.
  27. @sklplanets (May 15, 2021). "Succesful [sic] landing of #Tianwen1, on #Mars! Landing point: 109.7 E, 25.1 N, less than 40 km from target location in Utopia Planitia. More details expected later!" (Tweet). Retrieved 2021-05-15 – via Twitter.
  28. Harri, A.-M.; et al. (2008). "MMPM - Mars MetNet Precursor Mission". European Planetary Science Congress 2008, Proceedings of the conference held 21-25 September, 2008 in Münster, Germany. p. 361. Bibcode:2008epsc.conf..361H.
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  33. Zelenyi, L.; Zakharov, A.; Polischuk, G.; Pichkhadze, K.; Akim, E.; Hirahara, Masfumi; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Terada, Naoki; Mukai, Toshifumi (2009). "Phobos Sample Return mission". AIP Conference Proceedings. 1144 (1): 128–137. Bibcode:2009AIPC.1144..128Z. doi:10.1063/1.3169276.
  34. Schulze-Makuch, Dirk; Head, James N.; Houtkooper, Joop M.; Knoblauch, Michael; Furfaro, Roberto; Fink, Wolfgang; Fairén, Alberto G.; Vali, Hojatollah; Kelly Sears, S.; Daly, Mike; Deamer, David; Schmidt, Holger; Hawkins, Aaron R.; Sun, Henry J.; Lim, Darlene S.S.; Dohm, James; Irwin, Louis N.; Davila, Alfonso F.; Mendez, Abel; Andersen, Dale (2012). "The Biological Oxidant and Life Detection (BOLD) mission: A proposal for a mission to Mars". Planetary and Space Science. 67 (1): 57–69. Bibcode:2012P&SS...67...57S. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.008.
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