List of Ranunculus species

Ranunculus is a genus of about 1,700 species of plants in the Ranunculaceae.[1] Members of the genus include the buttercups, spearworts and water crowfoots.

Selected species

A
Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
Ranunculus abaensis W. T. Wang 1987 = R. indivisus var. abaensis[2]
Ranunculus abchasicus Freyn ex Sommier & Levier 1893[3][4]
Ranunculus abnormis Cutanda & Willk. 1859
Ranunculus abortivus L. 1753
  • var. abortivus
  • var. australis Brandegee 1894
  • ssp. acrolasius (Fernald) Kapoor & Löve = R. abortivus
  • var. acrolasius Fernald = R. abortivus
  • var. eucyclus Fernald = R. abortivus
  • var. indivisus Fernald = R. abortivus
  • var. harveyi A. Gray = R. harveyi[5]
  • Little-leaf buttercup
  • Small-flower crowfoot
  • Kidney-leaf buttercup
  • Small-flowered buttercup
  • North America
Ranunculus acaulis DC. 1817[6]
  • Dune buttercup
  • Sand buttercup
  • Shore buttercup
  • New Zealand
Ranunculus acer auct. = Ranunculus acris
Ranunculus acetosellifolius Boiss. 1838
  • Southwestern Europe
Ranunculus aconitifolius L. 1753
  • Aconite-leaf buttercup
  • Europe
Ranunculus acraeus Heenan & P.J.Lockh. 2006
    • New Zealand
    Ranunculus acriformis A.Gray 1886[7]
    • Sharpleaf buttercup
    • North America
    • var. acriformis
    • Sharpleaf buttercup
    • Autumn buttercup[9]
    • Autumn sharp buttercup
    • Autumn-fir buttercup
    • Fall buttercup
    • var. montanensis (Rydb.) L.D.Benson
    • Mountain sharp buttercup
    Ranunculus acris L. 1753
    • var. acris
    • var. frigidus Regel
    • Common buttercup
    • Meadow buttercup
    • Tall buttercup
    • Temperate Eurasia
    Ranunculus acutidentatus Rupr. = Ranunculus acutilobus
    Ranunculus acutilobus Ledeb. 1753
    Ranunculus adoneus A.Gray 1863
    • var. adoneus
    • var. alpinus (S.Watson) L.D.Benson 1941
    • ssp. huetii P.H.Davis
    • Alpine buttercup
    • North America (Rocky Mountains)
    Ranunculus adoxifolius Hand.-Mazz. 1939
    Ranunculus aduncus Gren. 1847
    Ranunculus aestivalis (L.D.Benson) Van Buren & K.T.Harper 1994 = R. acriformis var. aestivalis[8][9]
    Ranunculus ageri Bertol. 1819
    Ranunculus albertii Regel & Schmalh. 1877
    Ranunculus alismellus (A. Gray) Greene 1892 = R. alismifolius var. alismellus
    Ranunculus alismifolius Geyer ex Benth. 1849
    • var. alismellus A. Gray 1868
    • var. alismifolius
    • var. davisii L. D. Benson 1948
    • var. hartwegii (Greene) Jeps. 1922
    • var. lemmonii (A. Gray) L. D. Benson 1936
    • var. montanus S. Watson 1871
    • Plantainleaf buttercup
    • Western North America
    Ranunculus allegheniensis Britton 1895
    • Allegheny Mountain buttercup
    • Eastern North America
    Ranunculus allenii B.L.Rob. 1905
    • Allen's buttercup
    • Northern Canada
    Ranunculus alpestris L. 1753
    • Alpine buttercup
    • Europe
    Ranunculus ambigens S.Watson 1878
    • Waterplantain spearwort
    • Eastern North America
    Ranunculus amphitrichus Colenso 1885
    • Small river buttercup
    • Southeastern Australia
    Ranunculus amplexicaulis L.
    • Clasping-leaf buttercup
    • Iberian Peninsula[11]
    Ranunculus amplus N.G.Walsh & B.G.Briggs 2003 [12]
    • Lacey River buttercup
    • Victoria, Australia
    Ranunculus andersonii A. Gray 1868
    • var. andersonii
    • var. juniperinus (Jones) S.L.Welsh 1986
    • var. tenellus S.Watson 1871
    • Anderson's buttercup
    • Western United States
    Ranunculus anemoneus F.Muell. 1855
    • Anemone buttercup[13]
    • Alpine regions of southeastern Australia
    Ranunculus anemonifolius auct. = Ranunculus elegans
    Ranunculus aquatilis L. 1753
    • var. aquatilis
    • var. arcticus Durand 1856
    • var. diffusus With. 1796
    • Common water-crowfoot
    • White water-crowfoot
    • Europe
    • Africa
    • North America
    Ranunculus arizonicus Lemmon ex A. Gray 1886
    • var. arizonicus
    • var. subsagittatus A. Gray 1886
    • var. subaffinis A. Gray 1886
       = R. inamoenus var. subaffinis
    • Arizona buttercup
    • Southwestern United States
    • Mexico
    Ranunculus arvensis L. 1753
    • var. arvensis
    • var. tuberculatus DC.
    • var. echinatissimus (Blatt.) Qureshi & Chaudhri 1988 = R. arvensis
    • Corn buttercup
    • Devil-on-all-sides
    • Scratch bur
    • Europe
    Ranunculus asiaticus L. 1753
    • Persian buttercup
    • Persian crowfoot
    • Asian buttercup
    Ranunculus auricomus L. 1753
    • Goldilocks buttercup
    • Greenland buttercup
    • Northern Eurasia
    • Greenland
    Ranunculus austro-oreganus L. D. Benson 1954
    • Southern Oregon buttercup

    B
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus barceloi Grau (1984)
    Ranunculus baudotii
    Ranunculus bilobus Bertol.
    Ranunculus biternatus Sm.
    • Antarctic buttercup
    • Patagonia
    • Subantarctic islands
    Ranunculus bonariensis Poir. 1804
    • Carter's buttercup
    • Chile,
    • Argentina
    • Central California
    Ranunculus borealis Trautv. 1860
    Ranunculus bulbosus L.
    • St Anthony's turnip
    • Bulbous buttercup
    • Europe
    Ranunculus bullatus
    • Autumn buttercup
    • Mediterranean region
    Ranunculus bupleuroides

    C
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus californicus Benth.
    • California buttercup
    • California
    Ranunculus canus Benth.
    • Sacramento Valley buttercup
    • California
    Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook.
    • Heartleaf buttercup
    • Western North America
    Ranunculus carinthiacus
    • Carinthian buttercup
    • Europe
    Ranunculus cassubicifolius
    • Europe
    Ranunculus cassubicus
    • Kashubian buttercup
    • Eastern Europe
    Ranunculus caucasicus
    Ranunculus circinatus
    • Fan-leaved water-crowfoot
    • Europe
    Ranunculus clivicola B.G.Briggs
    • Alpine regions of southeastern Australia
    Ranunculus coloradensis (L. Benson) L. Benson
    Ranunculus cordiger Viviani
    Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd.
    • Azores buttercup
    Ranunculus crassipes
    • Subantarctic buttercup
    • Subantarctic region

    D
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus degenii Kümmerle & Jáv.
    Ranunculus demissus DC.
    Ranunculus densiciliatus W. T. Wang
    Ranunculus dichotomus Moc. & Sessé ex DC.
    Ranunculus dielsianus Ulbr.
    Ranunculus diffusus DC.
    Ranunculus dingjieensis L. Liou
    Ranunculus dissectifolius F.Muell. 1855
    • Alpine regions of southeastern Australia
    Ranunculus dissectus M.Bieb.
    Ranunculus distans Royle
    Ranunculus dongrergensis Hand.-Mazz.
    Ranunculus donianus Pritz.

    E
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus elegans C. Koch 1841
    Ranunculus eschscholtzii Schltdl. 1820
    • var. eschscholtzii
    • var. eximius (Greene) L.D.Benson
    • var. helleri (Rydb.) L.D. Benson
    • var. oxynotus (A. Gray) Jeps.
    • var. suksdorfii (A. Gray) L.D. Benson
    • var. trisectus (Eastw. ex B.L. Rob.) L.D.
    • var. adoneus (A.Gray) C.L.Hitchcock
       = Ranunculus adoneus
    • var. alpinus (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchcock
       = Ranunculus adoneus
    • Eschscholtz's buttercup
    • Western North America
    Ranunculus extensus (Hook. f.) Schilbe. ex Engl. 1891

    F
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus falcatus auct. non L.]
    • Curveseed butterwort
    Ranunculus fallax
    • Europe
    Ranunculus fascicularis
    • Early buttercup
    • Eastern North America
    Ranunculus flabellaris
    • Yellow water buttercup
    • North America
    Ranunculus flammula
    • Lesser spearwort
    Ranunculus fluitans
    • River water-crowfoot
    • Europe

    G
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus glaberrimus
    • Sagebrush buttercup
    • Interior western North America
    Ranunculus glacialis
    • Glacier crowfoot
    • Glacier buttercup
    • Arctic-alpine Europe
    • Siberia
    • Alaska
    Ranunculus gmelinii
    • Gmelin's buttercup
    • North America
    Ranunculus gormanii
    • Gorman's buttercup
    • Oregon
    • Northern California
    Ranunculus gramineus
    • Grassy-leaved buttercup
    • Southern Europe

    H
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus harveyi (A. Gray) Britton 1894[14]
    • var. australis (Brand) L.D. Benson
    • Harvey's buttercup[15]
    • south-central U.S.
    Ranunculus hebecarpus Delicate buttercup Western North America
    Ranunculus hederaceus Ivy-leaved crowfoot Europe
    Ranunculus hispidus
    • Bristly buttercup
    • Hispid buttercup
    • Swamp buttercup
    		 Eastern North America
    Ranunculus hybridus Hybrid buttercup European Alps
    Ranunculus hydrocharoides
    • Frogbit buttercup
    • Frog's bit buttercup
    		 Western North America
    Ranunculus hyperboreus Rottb. 1770 High northern buttercup Northern North America

    I
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus illyricus L. 1753
    = R. alexeenkoi Grossh.
    = R. meridionalis Grossh.[16]    		 Eastern Europe
    Ranunculus indivisus (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz. 1939
    • var. abaensis (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang 1995
    • var. indivisus[17]
    Ranunculus inundatus R.Br. ex DC. river buttercup Southeastern Australia

    J
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. 1794
    • mao gen
    • China
    Ranunculus jovis
    • Utah buttercup
    • Mountain west United States

    K
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus kadzusensis
    • Asia
    Ranunculus kuepferi

    L
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus lanuginosus L. 1753
    • Ranunculus umbrosus Ten.
    • Woolly buttercup
    • Downy buttercup
    • Europe
    Ranunculus lappaceus
    • Australian buttercup
    • Eastern Australia
    Ranunculus lapponicus
    • Lapland buttercup
    • Arctic
    Ranunculus lingua
    • Greater spearwort
    • Eurasia
    Ranunculus lobbii
    • Lobb's buttercup
    • Lobb's aquatic butterup
    • Western North America
    Ranunculus longirostris Godr. 1840 =
    R. aquatilis var. diffusus With. 1796[18]
    • Longbeak buttercup
    • White water-crowfoot
    • North America
    Ranunculus luminarius
    • Italy
    Ranunculus lyallii
    • Mount Cook Lily
    • Mount Cook buttercup
    • Mountain buttercup
    • New Zealand

    M
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus macounii
    • Macoun's buttercup
    • North America
    Ranunculus macranthus
    • Large buttercup
    • North America
    Ranunculus macrophyllus
    • Large-leaf buttercup
    • Europe
    Ranunculus micranthus Nutt.
    • Rock buttercup[19]
    • Small-flowered crowfoot[20]
    • United States
    Ranunculus millefolius Banks & Sol.[21]
    • Jerusalem buttercup[22]
    • Nurit
    • Israel, Lebanon, Syria
    Ranunculus montanus
    • mountain buttercup
    • Europe
    Ranunculus moseleyi
    • Moseley's buttercup
    Ranunculus muricatus
    • Spinyfruit buttercup
    • Europe

    N
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus nivalis L. 1753
    • Snow buttercup

    O
    Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
    Ranunculus obtusiusculus Raf.
    Ranunculus occidentalis
    • Western buttercup
    • Western North America
    Ranunculus ophioglossifolius
    • Badgeworth Buttercup
    • Europe
    Ranunculus orthorhynchus
    • Straightbeak buttercup
    • Western North America
    Ranunculus oz Christenh. & Byng
      • Australia

      P
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus pachyrrhizus Hook.f.
      • New Zealand
      Ranunculus papulentus
      • Large River buttercup
      • Southeastern Australia
      Ranunculus parviflorus
      • Smallflower buttercup
      • Europe
      Ranunculus pauperculus Ovcz.
       = R. eschscholtzii
      • Eschscholtz's buttercup
      • Western North America
      Ranunculus pedatifidus
      • Birdfoot buttercup
      • Northern buttercup
      • Surefoot buttercup
      • Asia
      • North America
      Ranunculus peduncularis
      • South America
      Ranunculus peltatus
      • Pond water crowfoot
      • Europe
      • Southwestern Asia
      • Northern Africa
      Ranunculus penicillatus
      • Europe
      • Morocco
      Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans
      • Southern UK (chalk streams)
      Ranunculus pensylvanicus
      • Pennsylvania buttercup
      • North America
      Ranunculus pimpinellifolius Hook.
      • Bog buttercup
      • Eastern Australia
      Ranunculus pinguis
      • New Zealand (Auckland and Campbell Islands)
      Ranunculus platanifolius
      • Large white buttercup
      Ranunculus polyanthemos
      • Multiflowered buttercup
      • Europe
      • Central Asia
      • Siberia
      Ranunculus populago
      • Popular buttercup
      • Mountain Buttercup
      • Pacific Northwest United States
      Ranunculus pusillus
      • Low spearwort
      • Eastern United States
      Ranunculus pygmaeus
      • Pygmy buttercup
      • Circumpolar Arctic
      Ranunculus pyrenaeus
      • Pyrenean buttercup
      • Andorra
      • France
      • Spain

      R
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus recurvatus
      • Hooked crowfoot
      • Hooked buttercup
      • Eastern North America
      Ranunculus repens
      • Creeping buttercup
      • Eurasia
      • Northwestern Africa
      Ranunculus reptans
      • R. flammula var. filiformis
      • Greater creeping spearwort
      • North America
      Ranunculus rhomboideus
      • Prairie Buttercup
      • North America

      S
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus sardous
      • Hairy buttercup
      • Sardinian buttercup
      • Europe
      Ranunculus sceleratus
      • Cursed buttercup
      • Celery-leaved buttercup
      • Eurasia
      • North America
      Ranunculus seguieri
      • Seguier's buttercup
      • Southeastern Europe
      Ranunculus septentrionalis
      • Swamp buttercup
      • Eastern North America
      Ranunculus sericophyllus Hook.f.
      • Silky alpine buttercup[23]
      • Feathery-leaved buttercup[24]
      • New Zealand
      Ranunculus siamensis
      • Thailand, India, Nepal, Myanmar and Indochina
      Ranunculus sieboldii
      • Asia
      Ranunculus silerifolius
      • Eastern Asia
      Ranunculus subrigidus W.B.Drew
       = R. aquatilis var. diffusus
      • White water-crowfoot
      Ranunculus sulphureus Sol. ex C.J. Phipps 1774
      • var. altaica (Laxm.) Trautv. 1860
      • var. sulphureus
      • var. albertii (Regel & Schmalh.) Maxim. 1889
         = R. alberti
      • var. intercedens Hultén 1928
         = R. sulphureus
      • Sulphur buttercup
      • Alaska
      • Canada
      • Greenland

      T
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus thora L. 1753
      • Tora buttercup
      • Europe
      Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill. 1786 = R. aquatilis var. diffusus With. 1796
      Ranunculus trilobus Desf. 1799
      • Threelobe buttercup[25]
      • Mediterranean
      Ranunculus triternatus A. Gray 1886
      Ranunculus trivedii Aswal & Mehrotra 1983
      • Himalayas
      Ranunculus turneri Greene 1892

      U
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus uncinatus D.Don 1831
      • Woodland buttercup
      • Little buttercup
      • Western North America

      V
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus velutinus Ten. 1825
      Ranunculus venetus Huter ex Landolt
      Ranunculus verticillatus
      • Lobe-leaf buttercup
      • New Zealand
      Ranunculus viridis H. D. Wilson et Garn.-Jones
      • Mt Allen buttercup

      W
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus wangianus Q. E. Yang 2000
      Ranunculus weddellii Lourteig
      Ranunculus wettsteinii Dörfl.
      Ranunculus weyleri Marès

      X
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus xinningensis W. T. Wang

      Y
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus yanshanensis W.T.Wang
      Ranunculus yaoanus W.T.Wang
      Ranunculus yechengensis W. T. Wang
      Ranunculus yinshanicus (Y. Z. Zhao) Y. Z. Zhao
      Ranunculus yunnanensis Franch.

      Z
      Species & synonyms Common names Native range Illustration
      Ranunculus zhungdianensis W. T. Wang 1987

      References

      General

      Specific
      1. "Ranunculus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
      2. R. abaensis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
      3. R. abchasicus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
      4. R. abchasicus International Plant Names Index (IPNI). 21 December 2011
      5. R. abortivus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
      6. R. acaulis International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 21 December 2011
      7. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ranunculus acriformis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
      8. "Ranunculus acriformis var. aestivalis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
      9. var. aestivalis Flora of North America, Vol. 3. 21 December 2011
      10. var. aestivalis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
      11. R. amplexicaulis Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
      12. "Flora of Victoria". VicFlora. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
      13. "Ranunculus anemoneus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
      14. R. harveyi Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 Dec 2011
      15. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ranunculus harveyi". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 21 Dec 2011.
      16. R. illyricus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 Dec 2011
      17. R. indivisus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
      18. R. longirostris Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
      19. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ranunculus micranthus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 19 Dec 2011.
      20. R. micranthus New York Natural Heritage Program. 2011. Online Conservation Guide 19 Dec 2011
      21. R. millefolius BioLib.cz 22 Dec 2011
      22. R. millefolius Flowers in Israel 22 Dec 2011
      23. NZ Plant Conservation Network
      24. UniProt
      25. R. trilobus Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) 22 December 2011
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