List of Tulostoma species
Tulostoma is a genus of over 100 species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Commonly known as stalked puffballs, the cosmopolitan genus consists of species which produce small fruit bodies, characterized by stalks inserted in a socket at the base of the spherical spore-sac opened by a small and apical mouth. The spore-sac contains gleba, a mixture of spores and associated cells; at maturity, the spores are released through one or more apical pores. Tulostoma species prefer xeric microhabitats, savannahs and deserts, and are saprobic—obtaining nutrients by decomposing roots, buried wood and other organic material of plant origin.[1]
![](../I/Tulostoma_75374.jpg.webp)
The following list of 102 species is compiled from Jorge Eduardo Wright's 1987 world monograph on the Tulostomatales, as well as reports of new taxa described in the literature published since then. Wright included 139 species in his monograph, including 47 "doubtful or critical" species. New species have since been reported from Spain (1992),[2] Mexico (1995),[3] Venezuela (2000),[4] Tunisia (2002),[4] China (2005),[5] and Argentina.[6]
Infrageneric classification
Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar elaborated an infrageneric (below the level of genus) system of classification for Tulostoma species in his 1958 monograph of European taxa.[7] Wright expanded and revised Pouzar's classification system to include all known species:
- Subgenus Tulostoma
- Series Tubulares
- Section Brumalia
- Section Hyphales
- Section Granulosae
- Section Volvulata
- Section Meristostoma
- Series Fimbriata
- Section Fimbriata
- Section Poculata
- Section Exasperata
- Section Dubiostoma
- Section Rickiana
- Subgenus Lacerostoma
- Section Lacerata
Key
Scientific name | Latin binomial name of the species |
Section | Section to which the species belongs |
Classified | Year in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species |
Distribution | Continental distribution of the species; question marks indicate that the evidence is questionable and/or not verifiable |
Refs | Citation to the protolog (original publication) and any additional references used to determine distribution |
![](../I/SSL22853_Tulostoma_brumale.JPG.webp)
![](../I/Tulostomafimbriatum5.jpg.webp)
![](../I/Tulostoma_kotlabae.jpg.webp)
![](../I/Tulostoma_simulans_34113.jpg.webp)
![](../I/Tulostoma_macrocephalum_38.jpg.webp)
Scientific name | Classified | Section | Distribution | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
T. adhaerens | 1923, Lloyd | Hyphales | Africa, Asia, Australia | [8][9] |
T. albicans | 1901, V.S.White | Australia, Europe, North America, South America, | [10][11] | |
T. albiceps | 1947, Long & S.Ahmad | Asia | [12][13] | |
T. albocretaceum | 1947, Long & S.Ahmad | Meristostoma | Asia | [12][14] |
T. album | 1891, Massee | Meristostoma | Australia | [15][16] |
T. americanum | 1906, Lloyd | Brumalia | North America, South America | [17][18] |
T. amnicola | 1947, Long & S.Ahmad | Hyphales | Asia, Tunisia[19] | [12][20] |
T. andrejevianum | 1970, Philimonova & Schwarzmann | Dubiostoma | Asia | [21][22] |
T. aurasiacum | 1905, Pat. | Brumalia | North Africa, Asia (?) | [23][24] |
T. australianum | 1906, Lloyd | Lacerata | Africa (?), Australia, South America (?) | [17][25] |
T. beccarianum | 1904, Bres. | Brumalia | Southern Europe, South America | [26][27][28] |
T. berkleyi | 1906, Lloyd | Fimbriata | North America | [17][29] |
T. berteroanum | 1845, (Lév. ex Lév.) Sacc. & Trotter | Poculata | South America, Tunisia[19] | [30][31] |
T. brasiliense | 1972, J.E. Wright | Brumalia | Australia (?), North America, South America | [32][33] |
T. brumale | 1794, Pers. | Asia, Europe, North America, South America | [34][35] | |
T. caespitosum | 1891, Trab. | Brumalia | Africa, Asia, North America, South America | [36][37] |
T. cerebrisporum | 2000, J.E.Wright | South America | [38] | |
T. chevalieri | 1911, Har. & Pat. | Hyphales | Africa | [39][40] |
T. chudaei | 1907, Pat. | Meristostoma | Africa, Australia, North America, South America | [41][42] |
T. cineraceum | 1947, Long | Meristostoma | Asia | [43][44] |
T. clathrosporum | 1987, J.E. Wright | Brumalia | North America | [45][46] |
T. costatum | 1980, B. Liu | Asia | [47] | |
T. cretaceum | 1944, Long | Lacerata | North America, South America | [48][49] |
T. cyclophorum | 1906, Lloyd | Poculata | Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America | [17][50] |
T. delbustoi | 1987, J.E. Wright | Fimbriata | South America | [51] |
T. dennisii | 1987, J.E. Wright | Granulosae | South America | [52] |
T. domingueziae | 2011, Hern.Caffot | South America | [6] | |
T. dumeticola | 1987, Long | Granulosae | Central America, North America, South America | [43][53][54][55] |
T. exasperatosporum | 1983, J.E. Wright | Africa | [56][57] | |
T. exasperatum | 1842, Mont. | Brumalia | Pantropical | [58][59] |
T. excentricum | 1944, Long | Hyphales | Asia, North America | [48][60] |
T. exitum | 1947, Long & S. Ahmad | Lacerata | Asia | [12][61] |
T. fimbriatum | 1829, Fr. | Fimbriata | Europe | [62][63] |
T. floridanum | 1906, Lloyd | Hyphales | North America | [17][64] |
T. fulvellum | 1904, Bres. | Poculata | Europe, Japan[65] | [26][66] |
T. giganteum | 1987, J.E. Wright | Hyphales | North America | [67] |
T. giovanellae | 1881, Bres. | Brumalia | Africa, Europe | [68][69] |
T. graciliceps | 1987, J.E. Wright | Poculata | Africa, Mexico[70] | [71] |
T. helanshanense | 1978, B. Liu, Z.Y. Li & Du | Brumalia | Asia | [72][73] |
T. herteri | 1942, Lohwag & Swoboda | Dubiostoma | North America, South America | [74][75] |
T. hollosii | 1956, Z. Moravec | Poculata | Europe | [76][77] |
T. hygrophilum | 1947, Long & S. Ahmad | Hyphales | Asia | [12][78] |
T. innermongolicum | 1984, Liu | Dubiostoma | Asia | [79][80] |
T. involucratum | 1944, Long | Brumalia | Africa, North America, South America | [48][81] |
T. jourdani | 1886, Pat. | Hyphales | Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, South America | [82][83] |
T. kogaschiki | 1970, Schwarzmann & Philimonova | Hyphales | Asia | [21][84] |
T. kotlabae | 1958, Pouzar | Brumalia | Europe | [7][85] |
T. kreiselii | 2002, G. Moreno, E. Horak & Altés | Africa | [4] | |
T. laceratum | 1834, Ehrenberg | |||
T. lacrimisporum | 2005, L. Fan & B. Liu | Asia | [5] | |
T. leiosporum | 1909, R.E.Fr. | Fimbriata | South America | [86][87] |
T. lejospermum | 1922, Spegazzini | Lacerata | South America | [88][89] |
T. leprosum | 1888, (Kalchbr.) Sacc. | Granulosae | Australia | [90][91] |
T. lesliei | 1921, Van der Byl | Hyphales | Africa | [92][93] |
T. lloydii | 1904, Bres. | Poculata | Europe, North America | [26][94] |
T. longii | 1906, Lloyd | Brumalia | North America | [17][95] |
T. lysocephalum | 1944, Long | Hyphales | North America | [48][96] |
T. lusitanicum | 2000, Calonge & M.G.Almeida | Europe | [97] | |
T. macalpinianum | 1906, Lloyd | Granulosae | Australia, South America | [17][98] |
T. macowanii | 1904, Bres. | Poculata | Africa, Australia (?) | [26][99] |
T. macrocephalum | 1944, Long | Meristostoma | North America, South America | [48][100] |
T. macrosporium | 1925, G.Cunn. | Hyphales | Africa, Australia, North America | [101][102] |
T. melanocyclum | 1904, Bres. | Brumalia | Europe, North America | [26][103] |
T. meridionale | 1972, J.E.Wright | North America, South America | [32][104] | |
T. meristostoma | 1944, Long | Meristostoma | North America, South America | [48][105] |
T. mohavei | 1920, Lloyd | Hyphales | Asia, North America, South America | [106][107] |
T. montanum | 1886, Pat. | Hyphales | Africa, North America, South America | [108][109] |
T. moravecii | 1958, Pouzar | Brumalia | Europe | [7][110] |
T. mussooriense | 1901, Hennings | Asia | [111][112] | |
T. nanum | 1987, (Pat.) J.E.Wright | Hyphales | Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America | [113] |
T. nigeriense | 1987, J.E.Wright | Africa | [114] | |
T. niveum | 1978, Kers | Brumalia | Europe | [115][116] |
T. obesum | 1878, Cooke & Ellis | South America | [117][118] | |
T. obscurum | 1972, J.E.Wright | Poculata | North America | [32][119] |
T. opacum | 1944, Long | Poculata | North America | [48][120] |
T. pluriosteum | 1947, Long & S.Ahmad | Hyphales | Asia | [12][121] |
T. portoricense | 1987, J.E.Wright | Fimbriata | Puerto Rico | [122] |
T. pseudopulchellum | 1992, G.Moreno, Altés & J.E.Wright | Europe | [2] | |
T. pubescens | 1925, G. Cunn. | Hyphales | Australia | [101][123] |
T. pulchellum | 1890, Sacc. | Poculata | Africa, Australia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America | [124][125] |
T. purpusii | 1898, Henn. | Brumalia | Africa, Australia, North America, South America | [126][127] |
T. pusillum | 1842, Berk. | Granulosae | Asia, Caribbean, South America | [128][129] |
T. pygmaeum | 1906, Lloyd | Hyphales | Africa, Australia, North America, South America | [17][130] |
T. readerii | 1906, Lloyd | Fimbriata | Australia | [17][131] |
T. reticulatum | 1980, B.Liu | Australia | [47][132] | |
T. rickii | 1906, Lloyd | Rickiana | South America | [17][133] |
T. rivulosum | 1947, Long | Hyphales | North America | [43][134] |
T. rufum | 1906, Lloyd | Hyphales | Africa, Europe, North America | [17][135] |
T. semisulcatum | 1895, Peck | Brumalia | North America | [136][137] |
T. simulans | 1906, Lloyd | Brumalia | Africa, Asia, Europe, Central America, North America, South America | [17][138] |
T. sinense | 1987, J.E.Wright | Brumalia | Asia | [139] |
T. squamosum | 1801, Pers. | Brumalia | Europe, North America | [140][141] |
T. striatum | 1925, G. Cunn. | Poculata | Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, South America | [101][142][143] |
T. subfuscum | 1901, V.S. White | Poculata | Africa, Australia, North America, Middle East | [10][144] |
T. submembranaceum | 1995, G. Moreno, C. Ochoa & J.E. Wright | North America | [3] | |
T. subsquamosum | 1947, Long & S. Ahmad | Hyphales | Asia, South America | [12][145] |
T. thiersii | 1987, J.E. Wright | Brumalia | North America, South America | [46][146] |
T. transvaali | 1921, Lloyd | Exasperata | Africa | [147][148] |
T. utahense | 1987, J.E. Wright | North America | [149] | |
T. verrucosum | 1890, Morgan | Granulosae | North America | [150][151] |
T. verrucicapillitium | 2005, L.Fan & B.Liu | Asia | [5] | |
T. volvulatum | 1865, I.G.Borshchov | Volvulata | Africa, Asia, Europe, North America | [152][153] |
T. wightii | 1842, Cooke & Ellis | Rickiana | Asia | [117][154] |
T. xerophilum | 1946, Long | Brumalia | North America | [155][156] |
Notes
- Miller HR, Miller OK (1988). Gasteromycetes: Morphological and Developmental Features, with Keys to the Orders, Families, and Genera. Eureka, California: Mad River Press. pp. 48, 52. ISBN 0-916422-74-7.
- Moreno G, Altés A, Wright JE (1992). "Tulostoma pseudopulchellum sp. nov: (Tulostomatales, Gasteromycetes) and allied species". Mycotaxon. 43: 479–86.
- Moreno G, Altés A, Ochoa C, Wright JE (1995). "Contribution to the study of the Tulostomataceae in Baja. California, Mexico". Mycologia. 87 (1): 96–120. doi:10.2307/3760953. JSTOR 3760953.
- Moreno G, Horak E, Altés A (2002). "Tulostoma kreiselii, a new species from Tunisia, Northern Africa". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. 113 (1–2): 7–10. doi:10.1002/1522-239X(200205)113:1/2<7::AID-FEDR7>3.0.CO;2-5.
- Fan L, Liu B (2005). "Two new species of Tulostoma from China" (PDF). Mycosystema. 24 (2): 159–61.
- Caffot ML, Dominguez LS, Hosaka K, Crespo EM (2011). "Tulostoma domingueziae sp nov from Polylepis australis woodlands in Cordoba Mountains, central Argentina". Mycologia. 103 (5): 1047–54. doi:10.3852/10-266. hdl:11336/14514. PMID 21482631. S2CID 7917500.
- Pouzar Z. (1958). Pilát A (ed.). Flora CSR – Gasteromycetes (in Czech). Prace Ceskoslovenské Akademie Ved. Praha. pp. 598–613, 810–15.
- Lloyd CG. (1923). "Mycological Notes 69". Mycological Writings. 7 (69): 1185–218.
- Wright (1987), pp. 58–9.
- White VS. (1901). "The Tylostomaceae of North America". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 28 (8): 421–36. doi:10.2307/2478590. JSTOR 2478590.
- Wright (1987), pp. 59–60.
- Long WH, Ahmad S (1947). "The genus Tulostoma in India". Farlowia. 3: 225–67.
- Wright (1987), p. 60.
- Wright (1987), pp. 60–2.
- Massee GE. (1891). "New or imperfectly known Gasteromycetes". Grevillea. 19 (92): 94–8.
- Wright (1987), p. 62.
- Lloyd CG. (1906). "The Tylostomae". Mycological Writings. 2: 1–28.
- Wright (1987), pp. 62–4.
- Kasuya T, Asai I, Smaoui A (2007). "Two new records of the genus Tulostoma from Tunisia". Mycotaxon. 101: 289–95.
- Wright (1987), pp. 64–5.
- Schwarzmann SR, Philimonova NM (1970). Flora Spor. Rasteni Kazhastan VI Gasteromycetes. Vol. VI. Alma Ata. p. 223.
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- Wright (1987), p. 118–9.
- Wright (1987), pp. 122–3.
- Bresadola G. (1881). "Fungi tridentini". Fungi Tridentini Novi, Vel Nondum Delineati, Descripti, ... (in Latin). 1 (1): 1–14.
- Wright (1987), pp. 123–5.
- Pina C, Esqueda M, Altes A, Gutierrez A (2010). "First record of Tulostoma gracilipes (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) for the Americas". Mycotaxon. 113: 371–6. doi:10.5248/113.371.
- Wright (1987), p. 125.
- Liu B, Li ZY, Du J (1978). "Six new species of the family Tulostomataceae". Acta Microbiologica Sinica (in Chinese). 18 (2): 122–8.
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- Lohwag H, Swoboda F (1941). "Gasteromyceten aus Uruguay". Revista Sudamericana de Botánica (in German). 7: 1–11.
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- Moravec Z. (1956). "Tulostoma hollosii sp. n. - nový druh palecky v Ceskoslovensku". Preslia (Praha) (in Czech). 28: 34–41.
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- Liu B. (1980). "Name change (T. innermongolicum for T. reticulatum nom. nud.)". Mycologia. 72 (6): 1238. doi:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021311.
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- Patouillard NT. (1886). "Quelques champignons de la Chine, récoltés par le père Delavay dans la province du Yunnam". Revue mycologique (Toulouse) (in French). 8 (30): 143–6.
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- Wright (1987), pp. 218–9.
- Persoon CH. (1801). Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (in Latin). p. 139.
- Wright (1987), pp. 195–6.
- Wright (1987), pp. 196–8.
- Altés A, Moreno G (1991). "Tulostoma striatum (Gasteromycetes, Basidiomycotina) new to Europe". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 12 (2): 149–53.
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- Lloyd CG. (1921). "Mycological Notes 65". Mycological Writings: 1047.
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References
- Wright JE. (1987). The genus Tulostoma (Gasteromycetes). Bibliotheca mycologia. Vol. 113. Berlin, Germany: J. Cramer. p. 338. ISBN 3-443-59014-4.