List of VLF-transmitters
A list of VLF-transmitters and LF-transmitters, which work or worked on frequencies below 100 kHz.
Countries with VLF Transmitter Stations
List of VLF transmissions
| Name / Call sign | Location | Frequency | Coordinates | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOV Alpha Transmitter Novosibirsk | Bolotnoye, Bolotninsky District, Russia | 11.905 kHz | 55°45′22″N 84°26′52.4″E | Alpha-Navigation |
| KRA Alpha Transmitter Krasnodar | Poltavskaya, Krasnoarmeysky District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | 12.649 kHz | 45°24′12″N 38°09′29″E | Alpha-Navigation, also RJH63 |
| KOM Alpha Transmitter Komsomolskamur | Khabarovsk, Russia | 12.649 kHz | 50°04′24″N 136°36′24″E | Alpha-Navigation |
| MUR Alpha Transmitter Murmansk | Revda, Russia | 12.649 kHz | 68°02′8″N 34°41′00″E | Alpha-Navigation |
| ASH Alpha Transmitter Ashkabad | Seydi, Türkmenabat, Turkmenistan | 12.649 kHz | 39°28′16″N 62°43′07″E | Alpha-Navigation |
| LaMoure - Omega Station D | LaMoure, North Dakota, USA | 12.1 kHz | 46.365987°N 98.335667°W | now operated by US Navy on 25.2 kHz |
| Monte Grande Radio Station | Monte Grande, Argentina | 17.33 kHz, 23.6 kHz | 34.757502°S 58.509128°W | Appears derelict. 718 Foot (219 meter) towers |
| HWU | Rosnay, France | 15.1 kHz, 18.3 kHz, 21.75 kHz | 46.714119°N 1.244309°E | 1171 foot (357 meter) tower |
| Zendmast Ruiselede | Ruiselede, Belgium | 16.2 kHz 51.25 kHz | 51°04′52″N 3°20′34″E | used before World War II three 287 metres, today active on higher frequency with an antenna of four masts with heights of 121 and 122 metres |
| JXN | Gildeskål, Norway | 16.4 kHz | 66.982337°N 13.872471°E | 7,759-foot (2,365 m) valley-span antenna |
| VTX | Vijayanarayanam, India | 17.0 kHz | 8.387°N 77.752°E | 1545 foot (471 meter) tower |
| SAQ | Grimeton, Varberg, Sweden | 17.2 kHz | 57.113958°N 12.404425°E | Only active at special occasions (Alexanderson Day) |
| NAA | Cutler, Maine, USA | 17.8 kHz, 24.0 kHz | 44.644506°N 67.284565°W | 997 ft (304 meter) tall |
| RDL | Krasnodar, Russia | 18.1 kHz | 44°46′24″N 39°32′50″E | 425 metres tall central tower |
| INS Kattabomman | Vijayanarayanam, India | 18.2 kHz | 8.3869497°N 77.7505891°E | |
| GQD | Anthorn, Cumbria, UK | 19.58 kHz, 22.10 kHz | 54.911683°N 3.278738°W | 13 towers, 745-foot (227 m) tall |
| NWC | Exmouth, Western Australia | 19.8 kHz | 21.816325°S 114.16546°E | 389 metres tall central tower |
| ICV | Tavolara (Sardinia, Italy) | 20.27 kHz, 20.76 kHz | 40.922889°N 9.732052°E | Valley-span antenna fixed on 133 metres and 114 metres tall masts |
| RJH69 | Vileyka, Belarus | 20.5 kHz | 54.463204°N 26.775827°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
| RJH77 | Archangelsk, Russia | 20.5 kHz | 64.360491°N 41.568489°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
| RJH99 | Nizhny Novgorod, Russia | 20.5 kHz | 56.171945°N 43.931667°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
| RJH66 | Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan | 20.5 kHz | 43.039444°N 73.6125°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
| RAB99 | Khabarovsk, Russia | 20.5 kHz | 48.48555°N 134.82333°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
| RJH63 | Martanskaya, Belorechensk, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | 20.5 kHz | 44.773640°N 39.547262°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
| NPM | Lualualei, Hawaii, USA | 21.4 kHz | 21.420382°N 158.153912°W | 1,503-foot (458 m) tower installed 1972, since the collapse of Warsaw radio mast tallest structure insulated against ground |
| GVT[1] | Skelton, Cumbria, UK | 22.1 kHz | 54.731929°N 2.883359°W | 1,198 foot (365-meter) tower |
| JJI | Ebino, Japan | 22.2 kHz or 22.1 kHz | 32.092247°N 130.829095°E | Antenna on 8 masts with a height of 270 metres |
| DHO38 | Rhauderfehn, Germany | 23.4 kHz | 53.087341°N 7.608652°E | 8 masts with a height of 352.9 metres, submarine communication |
| NLK (Jim Creek) | Seattle, Washington (USA) | 24.8 kHz | 48.203633°N 121.916828°W | valley-span antenna |
| Mokpo, South Korea[1] | 24.1 kHz,[2] 25.0 kHz | 34.682222°N 126.446944°E | ||
| NML LaMoure US Navy Transmitter | LaMoure, North Dakota, USA | 25.2 kHz | 46.365987°N 98.335667°W | 1,148-foot (350 m) tower |
| Denizkoy VLF Transmitter TBB | Bafa, Didim district, Turkey | 26.7 kHz | 37.409420°N 27.325273°E | Two 1,247-foot (380 m) towers, built about 2000. |
| Dimona Radar Facility | Dimona, Israel | 29.7 kHz, 26.0 kHz | 30.975696°N 35.098668°E | Two 1300 foot (400 meter) tall towers |
| Goedverwacht Transmitting Station | Cape Town, South Africa | 33.787289°S 18.694761°E | ||
| TFK | Grindavík, Iceland | 37.6 kHz (37.5 kHz center) | 63.850833°N 22.451667°W | 1,000 ft (304.8-meter) tower |
| JJY | Otakadoyayama Transmitter, Tamura, Fukushima, Japan | 40.0 kHz | 37.372557°N 140.849007°E | Time signal |
| SRC | Grimeton, Sweden | 40.4 kHz | 57.113958°N 12.404425°E | Shares antenna with SAQ, used for encrypted messages to Swedish Navy |
| NAU Naval Communications Station Puerto Rico | Aguada, Puerto Rico, USA | 40.75 kHz | 18.398775°N 67.177486°W | 1,205-foot (367 m) tower |
| NSY[3] | Niscemi, Italy | 45.9 kHz | 37.125654°N 14.436325°E | US Navy, 252 metres tall mast |
| SXA | Kato Souli, Marathon, Greece | 49.0 kHz[4] | 38.145186°N 24.019703°E | 820 foot (250 meter) tower |
| NPG | Dixon, California, USA | 55.5 kHz | 38.371505°N 121.775569°W | 2 masts 194.2 metres tall, submarine communications[5] |
| LBH | Gossa, Norway | 57.7 kHz | 62.785927°N 6.90083°E | 200 metres tall mast |
| WWVB | Fort Collins, Colorado, USA | 60.0 kHz | 40.678056°N 105.046944°W | Time signal |
| JJY | Haganeyama Transmitter, Saga, Japan | 60.0 kHz | 33.465539°N 130.175516°E | Time signal |
| MSF | Anthorn Radio Station, Anthorn, Cumbria, UK | 60.0 kHz | 54.91°N 3.28°W | Time signal |
| Italian Navy | Rome, Italy | 65.25 kHz | 41.975452°N 12.359494°W | 150 metres tall masts |
| RBU | Moscow, Russia | 66.666 kHz | 55.730481°N 38.152471°E | Time signal |
| RBU | Taldom, Russia | 66.666 kHz | 56.733333°N 37.663333°E | Time signal |
| BPC | Pucheng, China | 68.5 kHz | 34.948333°N 109.542778°E | Time signal |
| BSF | Guishan, Taiwan | 77.5 kHz | 25.005556°N 121.365°E | Time signal |
| DCF77 | Mainflingen, Mainhausen, Germany | 77.5 kHz | 50.014234°N 9.011487°E | a major time signal in Europe |
| SAS2 | Gudinge, Lövstabruk, Uppsala County, Sweden | 42.5 kHz | 60.524275°N 18.012192°E | 695 foot, 212-metre tall mast |
| Tving, Sweden | 56.275050°N 15.487858°E | 695 foot, 212-metre tall mast | ||
| RNAS Rattray (MKL,GYW1) | Crimond, UK | 82.8 kHz, 51.95 kHz | 57.617467°N 1.887617°W | tallest mast 274.3 metres high, site now home to a high frequency transmitter station forming part of the Defence High Frequency Communications Service |
| RNAS Inskip (HMS Nightjar) (GIZ20) | Inskip, UK | 61.84 kHz | 53.830074°N 2.834262°W | VLF transmissions of Morse code to ships close to U.K. in the 1980s; now used as a military high frequency radio transmitting station |
| FTA2 | Saint Assise, Melun, Seine-et-Marne, France | 16.9 kHz,[6] 20.9 kHz[1] | 48.544910°N 2.576294°E | |
| La Regine (FUG) | Villemagne, Languedoc-Roussillon, France | 62.6 kHz | 43.386781°N 2.097364°E | [7] |
| Kerlouan transmitter (FUE) | Kerlouan, Brest, France | 62.6 kHz, 65.8 kHz | 48.637736°N 4.350769°W | |
| 3SB[8] | Datong, China | 20.6 kHz, 10.6 kHz | 39.942959°N 113.247886°E | |
| 3SA | Changde, China | 20.6 kHz | 29.589879°N 110.738701°E | valley-spun antenna |
| Torreta de Guardamar | Guardamar del Segura, Province of Alicante, Spain | 145.0 kHz | 38.071871°N 0.664625°W |
Demolished
| Name / Call sign | Location | Frequency | Coordinates | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trinidad - Omega Station B | Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago | 12.0 kHz | 10.699738°N 61.638386°W | valley span antenna dismantled, station replaced by the Paynesville Liberia Station in 1976 |
| Paynesville - Omega Station B | Paynesville, Liberia | 12.0 kHz | 6.305442°N 10.662068°W | 1,368-foot (417 m) tower demolished in 2011 |
| Kaneohe - Omega Station C | Haiku Valley, Hawaii, USA | 11.8 kHz | 21.404811°N 157.830834°W | 5,000-foot (1,500 m) valley span antenna, decommissioned in 1997. Antenna dismantled, deteriorating transmitter building and Haiku Stairs remain |
| Bratland - Omega Station A (LEA) | Brattland, Norway | 12.1 kHz | 66.419323°N 13.129950°E | 11,500-foot (3,500 m) valley span antenna over salt water. dismantled in 2002. Building and helix house remains |
| Plaine Chabrier - Omega Station E | Saint-Paul, Reunion Island | 12.3 kHz | 20.974153°S 55.289973°E | 1,404-foot (428 m) tower demolished in 1999 |
| Golfo Nuevo - Omega Station F | Golfo Nuevo, Chubut, Argentina | 12.9 kHz | 43.053524°S 65.190763°W | 1,201-foot (366 m) tower demolished in 1998 |
| Woodside - Omega Station G (VL3DEF) | Woodside, Victoria, Australia | 13.0 kHz, 18.6 kHz | 38.481268°S 146.935326°E | 1,417-foot (432 m) foot tower demolished in 2015 |
| Shushi-Wan - Omega Station H | Tsushima Island, Japan | 12.8 kHz | 34.614763°N 129.453830°E | 1,276-foot (389 m) foot tower dismantled in 1998 |
| GBZ Criggion | Criggion, Wales, UK | 15.2 kHz | 52.72246°N 3.06295°W | towers and antenna demolished in 2003. Derelict transmitter building remains |
| Kahuku Marconi Transmitter | Kahuku, Oahu, Hawaii, USA | 16.1 kHz | 21.7062°N 157.9731°W | shut down in 1939, deteriorated transmitter building and support buildings remain |
| Coltano transmitting station | Coltano, Italy | 43.649841°N 10.408634°E | 4 masts with a height of 250 metres, destroyed at the end of World War II | |
| Waunfawr Marconi Transmitter | Waunfawr, Wales, UK | 21.2 kHz | 53.1239°N 4.1935°W | Closed in 1938, only the transmitter building remains |
| Radio Kootwijk | Apeldoorn, Netherlands | 24 kHz | 52.173414°N 5.818857°E | last mast demolished in 1980, iconic transmitter building remains |
| Table Head Marconi Transmitter | Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada | 37.5 kHz | 46.21118°N 59.9525°W | dismantled and moved to Marconi Towers, Nova Scotia in 1904 |
| Marconi Towers Transmitter | Marconi Towers, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada | 37.5 kHz | 46.1547273°N 59.9455246°W | closed and sold in 1946. Manager's house and ruins remain. |
| Marion Marconi Transmitter | Marion, Massachusetts, USA | 25.8 kHz | 41.7131401°N 70.7748406°W | shut down in 1957, towers demolished in 1960. Transmitter and support buildings remain |
| New Brunswick Marconi Transmitter | New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA | 21.8 kHz | 40.51529°N 74.48895°W | shut down in 1948, demolished in 1953. Only the station cottage remains |
| Bolinas Marconi Transmitter | Bolinas, California. USA | 19.2 kHz | 37.913°N 122.72825°W | shut down in 1946. Transmitter building, MF and HF transmitters and one cottage remain |
| RCA Radio Central | Rocky Point, New York, USA | 18.3 kHz | 40.92379°N 72.9356°W | last VLF tower demolished in 1977 |
| NSS Annapolis | Annapolis, Maryland, USA | 21.4 kHz | 38.977778°N 76.453333°W | shut down in 1996, 1,200-foot (370 m) tower demolished in 1999, three 600-foot (180 m) towers remain |
| Forestport Tower | Forestport, New York, USA | 43.44485337°N 75.0861464°W | 1,205-foot (367 m) tower demolished in 1998 | |
| Tuckerton Transmitter | Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA | 22.1 kHz | 39.558495°N 74.370570°W | shut down 1948, 820-foot (250 m) tower demolished 1955, transmitter building remains |
| Silver Creek Communications Annex | Silver Creek, Nebraska, USA | 41.3461996°N 97.72176109°W | 1,226-foot (374 m) tower demolished in 1995. Building remains. | |
| Hawes Radio Relay Facility | Hinkley, California, USA | 34.9174009°N 117.377046654°W | 1,226-foot (374 m) tower and all buildings demolished in 1986 | |
| GBR | Rugby, UK | 16.0 kHz 60 kHz | 52.367290°N 1.188524°W | shut-down in 2003, demolished in 2007 |
| JAP | Yosami, Kariya, Aichi, Japan | 17.442 kHz[9] | 34.971474°N 137.017018°E | 250m masts, demolished |
| NBA Summit Naval Radio Station[10] | Summit, Balboa, Canal Zone, Panama | 18.6 kHz, 24.0 kHz[11] | 9.0699425°N 79.6333477°W | megawatt naval VLF station, demolished |
| NPO Sangley Point Naval Radio Station | Cavite, Philippines | 21.5 kHz | 14.495°N 120.908°E | Three 600-foot (180 m) VLF towers demolished after World War II |
| Malabar Radio Station | Malabar, Indonesia | 7.116281°S 107.606183°E | valley span-antenna, demolished | |
| NPM | Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA | 26.1 kHz | 21.35°N 157.964°W | Three 600-foot (180 m) towers dismantled in 1936. Transmitters moved to Lualualei in 1936 |
| NPL Chollas Heights | San Diego, California, USA | 30.6 kHz | 32.74063°N 117.0643°W | ceased operations in 1992, towers demolished 1995, Transmitter building remains |
| Sayville Telefunken Wireless Station | Sayville, New York, USA | 38.4 kHz | 40.7437°N 73.1033°W | 477-foot (145 m) tower demolished. massive concrete guy wire anchors remain. |
| Karlsborg transmitter | Karlsborg, Sweden | 49.55 kHz | 58.4870111°N 14.4691833°E | Two 689-foot (210 m) masts demolished in 2001 |
| NAA Arlington | Arlington, Virginia, USA | 50.0 kHz, etc | 38.867820°N 77.0791°W | towers removed in 1941, NAA buildings remain. |
| RKS Liblice 1 (OMA) | Liblice, Czech | 50.0 kHz | 50.072249°N 14.880810°E | demolished in 2004 |
| OLB5 | Podebrady, Czech | 50.0 kHz | 50.137793°N 15.144331°E | shutdown in 1995 |
| FTA50 | Saint-Andre-de-Corcy, France | 50.75 kHz | 45.928825°N 4.935737°E | demolished |
| Hürup Navy Transmitter | Hürup, Germany | 53 kHz 68,9 kHz | 54.760504°N 9.549544°E | 3 masts, each 160 metres tall, shut-down in 2002 |
| Neuharlingersiel Navy Transmitter | Neuharlingersiel, Germany | 53 kHz | 53.677881°N 7.612077°E | 3 masts, two 164 metres tall and one 171 metres tall, since 2004 no VLF/LF-transmissions |
| Clifden Marconi Transmitter | Derrigimlagh, Clifden, Ireland | 54.5 kHz | 53.4508506°N 10.0430238°W | demolished following an attack by Irish republican forces in July 1922. Ruins remain |
| Bad Deutsch-Altenburg transmitter | Bad Deutsch-Altenburg, Austria | 73.85 kHz | 48.106176°N 16.920359°E | Three 100 metres tall masts, demolished in the 1980s |
| HBG | Prangins, Switzerland | 75.0 kHz | 46.408422°N 6.252680°E | Demolished 2012 |
| Székesfehérvár transmitter | Székesfehérvár, Hungary | 77.82 kHz | 47.152844°N 18.395201°E | Two 152 metres masts demolished in 2009 |
| Münchenbuchsee transmitter | Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland | 82.05 kHz | 47.014617°N 7.443483°E | One 125 metres and two 92 metres towers demolished in 1983 |
| Dübendorf transmitter | Dübendorf, Switzerland | 47.408820°N 8.631778°E | 122 metres tall mast, demolished | |
| Globecom Tower (XPH) | Thule, Greenland | 68.9 kHz | 76.553133°N 68.5507134°W | 1,241-foot (378 m) tower was the tallest structure outside the USA in 1954. Demolished in 1992 |
| Radom longwave transmitter (SOA,SNA) | Radom - Wacyn, Poland | 55.75, 58.25, 62.45, 64.9, 76.35, 80.5, 81.35 kHz | 51.409332°N 21.117214°E | shut-down, one mast today used for FM-/TV-broadcasting, the others demolished |
| Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza (AXO,AXL) | Babice, Warsaw, Poland | 14.29, 16.4, 17.7, 18.65 kHz | 52.266412°N 20.879892°E | Alexanderson alternator, destroyed on January 16, 1945 by the army of Nazi Germany[12][13] |
| Eilvese | Eilvese, Germany | 20, 30, 96 kHz | 52.546389°N 9.414722°E | 820-foot (250 m) tower demolished in 1931 |
| Königs Wusterhausen | Königs Wusterhausen, Germany | 69.7 kHz | 52.304277°N 13.611326°E | demolished |
| Kamina Funkstation | Kamina, Atakpamé, Togo | 7.933333°N 0.85°E | destroyed | |
| Herzogstand | Herzogstand, Germany | 47.628889°N 11.322222°E | experimental station, valley-span antenna, demolished | |
| Goliath | Kalbe, Germany | 16.55 kHz | 52.669218°N 11.421890°E | removed by Russian troops, reinstalled in Russia as RJH90 |
| Nauen Transmitter Station | Nauen, Germany | 52.647959°N 12.908292°E | 872-foot (266 m) tower demolished and all equipment removed by Soviet Army in 1946, transmitter building remains | |
| SRC[14] | Ruda, Sweden | 44.2, 40.0 kHz | 57.120331°N 16.153111°E | 659 foot, 201-metre tall mast, demolished 2020 |
| Lafayette Radio Station | Marcheprime, France | 44.708611°N 0.813611°W | destroyed by retreating German troops in 1944 | |
| Basse-Lande transmitter | Brains, Loire-Atlantique, France | 47.170749°N 1.694947°W | destroyed |
References
- Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Clilverd, Mark A.; Ross, Johnathan P. J. (July 2019). "An Investigation of VLF Transmitter Wave Power in the Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 124 (7): 5246–5259. Bibcode:2019JGRA..124.5246M. doi:10.1029/2019JA026715. S2CID 197563530.
- A S Poletaev; D A Chensky; A G Chensky (2019). "Radio interferometric location finding of VLF signal transmitters". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. International Conference “Complex equipment of quality control laboratories”: IOP Publishing. 1384 (1): 012042. Bibcode:2019JPhCS1384a2042P. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1384/1/012042.
- "VLF Transmitters List". sidstation.loudet.org.
- "VLF Transmitters List". sidstation.loudet.org.
- "MW List".
- "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 15 - 20 kHz". www.vlf.it.
- "VLF station la Régine (French Navy)".
- "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 20 - 25 kHz". www.vlf.it.
- "Navy Shore Station LF & VLF Transmitters". www.navy-radio.com.
- "US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama - NBA". www.navy-radio.com.
- "NASA - NSSDCA - Experiment - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- "Nadajnik Babice" (in Polish).
- "Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza" (in Polish).
- "IK4HDQ 0 50 5 MHz".
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