List of monarchy referendums

Monarchy referendums are referendums on the establishment, abolition, or restoration of monarchy or on the rules of succession.

Referendums on the establishment, abolition, or restoration of a monarchy
Country Referendum Date Result For republic [%] For monarchy [%] Turnout [%] Comments Notes
Albania 1997 Albanian monarchy referendum 29 June 1997 republic retained 66.7 33.3 71.64 Legitimacy of the results have been called into question by the House of Zogu. [1][2]
Australia 1999 Australian republic referendum 6 November 1999 monarchy retained 45.13 54.87 95.1 [3]
Brazil 1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum 21 April 1993 republic retained 86.6 13.4 84.3 [4]
Bulgaria 1946 Bulgarian republic referendum 8 September 1946 monarchy abolished 95.6 4.4 91.7 [5]
The Gambia 1965 Gambian republic referendum 24 November 1965 monarchy retained 65.85 34.15 60.46 Required 2/3 majority [6]
The Gambia 1970 Gambian republic referendum April 1970 monarchy abolished 70.45 29.55 90.1 [7]
Greece 1920 Greek referendum 22 November 1920 monarchy restored - - Constantine I returned to the throne [8]
Greece 1924 Greek republic referendum 13 April 1924 monarchy abolished 69.98 30.02 On 25 March 1924 the Second Hellenic Republic was proclaimed [9]
Greece 1935 Greek monarchy referendum 3 November 1935 monarchy restored 2.1 97.9 the referendum is viewed as having not been free or fair. [10][11][12]
Greece 1946 Greek referendum 1 September 1946 monarchy retained 31.6 68.4 86.6 [13]
Greece 1973 Greek republic referendum 29 July 1973 monarchy abolished 78.6 21.4 75.0 [14]
Greece 1974 Greek republic referendum 8 December 1974 republic retained 69.2 30.8 75.6 The Junta had already staged a plebiscite held on 29 July 1973, which resulted in the establishment of the Republic. However, after the fall of the military regime, the new government, under Constantine Karamanlis, decided to hold another one, as Junta legal acts were considered illegal. [15]
Iceland 1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum between 20 and 23 May 1944 monarchy abolished 98.5 1.5 98.4 [16]
Iran March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum 30 and 31 March 1979 monarchy abolished 99.3 0.7 98 [17]
Italy 1946 Italian institutional referendum 2 June 1946 monarchy abolished 52.3 47.7 89.1 [18]
Luxembourg 1919 Luxembourg referendum 28 September 1919 monarchy retained 19.7 80.3 72.1 [19]
Maldives 1952 Maldivian constitutional referendum 17 and 18 April 1952 monarchy abolished 96 4 [20]
Maldives 1953 Maldivian constitutional referendum August 1953 monarchy restored 2.0 98.0 the 2nd referendum was held after [21]
Maldives 1968 Maldivian constitutional referendum 15 March 1968 monarchy abolished 81.23 18.77 93.35 [22]
Mexico 1863 Mexican emperor referendum 4 December 1863 monarchy restored 0 100 74.76 Second Mexican Empire was created; Archduke Maximilian of Austria installed as Maximilian I of Mexico [23]
Norway 1905 Norwegian monarchy referendum 12 and 13 November 1905 monarchy retained 21.06 78.94 75.3 [24]
Rhodesia 1969 Rhodesian constitutional referendum 20 June 1969 monarchy abolished 81.01 18.99 80.97 [25]
Rwanda 1961 Rwandan monarchy referendum 25 September 1961 monarchy abolished 79.85 20.15 95.31 [26]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2009 Vincentian constitutional referendum 25 November 2009 monarchy retained 43.71 55.29 53.48 [27]
Kingdom of Sikkim 1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum 14 April 1975 monarchy abolished 97.55 2.45 63.02 Sikkim was annexed by India a month later. [28]
South Africa 1960 South African republic referendum 5 October 1960 monarchy abolished 52.29 47.71 90.77 [29]
Spain 1947 Spanish law of succession referendum 6 July 1947 monarchy restored 4.9 95.1 88.6 It was a referendum with no democratic guarantees, carried out by a totalitarian state. It appointed Francisco Franco, the current Dictator, as head of state for life until Franco's death or resignation, but also granted him the power to appoint his successor as King or Regent of the Kingdom and thereby formally establish a new Kingdom of Spain. [30]
Tuvalu 1986 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum February 1986 monarchy retained 5.14 90.75
Tuvalu 2008 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum 30 April 2008 monarchy retained 35.02 64.98 [31]
Vietnam 1955 State of Vietnam referendum 23 October 1955 republic retained 98.91 1.09 108.42 [32]

Referendums to choose or confirm a new monarch or to change the rules of succession
Country Referendum Date Question Result Vote breakdown Turnout [%] Comments
Belgium 1950 Belgian monarchy referendum 12 March 1950 Whether King Leopold III should return, have his royal powers and duties restored and the regency of Prince Charles, Count of Flanders be terminated King Leopold III returned, with powers and duties restored 57.68% in favor, 42.32% opposed 92.92 King Leopold III gave up his powers and duties in August 1950, making his eldest son Baudouin, regent. Leopold III later abdicated in July 1951, in favour of Baudouin. [33]
Denmark 2009 Danish Act of Succession referendum 7 June 2009 Whether male-preference primogeniture should be abolished in determining succession to the Danish throne and replaced with absolute primogeniture Absolute primogeniture adopted 85.3% in favour, 14.6% opposed 58.32 [34][35]
Greece 1862 Greek head of state referendum 19 November 1862 Who if anyone should succeed Otto as King of the Hellenes after his deposition Prince Alfred of the United Kingdom should be installed as the new monarch - Prince Alfred declined the Greek throne due to pressure from the British government and from his mother, Queen Victoria; Prince William of Denmark was later installed as George I of Greece [36][37]
Romania 1866 Romanian prince referendum 20 April 1866 Whether Prince Prince Karl Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen should be installed as Domnitor of Romania after the ouster of Alexandru Ioan Cuza Prince Karl Ludwig confirmed 99.97% in favor, 0.03% opposed 84.60 Prince Karl Ludwig was immediately installed as Domnitor Carol I. His status was elevated to that of King in 1881.

See also

References
  1. "Albania: two thousand attend Tirana protest rally in support of monarchy". ATA. 1997-07-02. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  2. Ex-king's son returns to Albania, BBC News Online, 28 June 2002.
  3. "Key results". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  4. "Comerciais | Caça ao voto - VEJA.com". 2011-06-15. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  5. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p368 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  6. "Elections in The Gambia".
  7. Arnold Hughes & David Perfect (2006) A political history of the Gambia, 1816–1994, University of Rochester Press, p346
  8. Nohlen & Stöver, p838
  9. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p830 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  10. Nohlen & Stöver, p838
  11. Miller, William (1936). "A New Era in Greece". Foreign Affairs. 14 (4): 654–661. doi:10.2307/20030766. JSTOR 20030766.
  12. see Gazette 456, dated 10.10.1935, p. 2295
  13. Nohlen & Stöver, p838
  14. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p830 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  15. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p830 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  16. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p961 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  17. Jaynes, Gregory (1979-04-01). "Landslide Victory for Khomeini Reported in Voting". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  18. "Dipartimento per gli Affari Interni e Territoriali". elezionistorico.interno.gov.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  19. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1244 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  20. "Islamism and radicalism in the Maldives" (PDF).
  21. Müller, Beat. "Malediven, ??. August 1953 : Wiedereinführung des Sultanats -- [in German]". www.sudd.ch. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  22. The Far East and Australasia 2003. Psychology Press. 2002. ISBN 9781857431339.
  23. Müller, Beat. "Mexiko, 4. Dezember 1863 : Erzherzog Maximilian von Habsburg-Lothringen als Kaiser -- [in German]". www.sudd.ch. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  24. "Kong Haakon VII (1872-1957)". www.kongehuset.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  25. SYND 19-6-69 Report From Rhodesia on Recent Referendum, 2015-07-21, retrieved 2018-05-10
  26. Perraudin, Frances (12 January 2017). "Rwanda's new king named – a father of two living on an estate near Manchester". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  27. "Trinidad News, Trinidad Newspaper, Trinidad Sports, Trinidad politics, Trinidad and Tobago, Tobago News, Trinidad classifieds, Trinidad TV, Sports, Business". 2009-11-13. Archived from the original on 2009-11-13. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  28. Müller, Beat. "Sikkim (Indien), 14. April 1975 : Abschaffung der Monarchie -- [in German]". www.sudd.ch. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  29. Paxton, J. (2016-12-22). The Statesman's Year-Book 1975-76. Springer. ISBN 9780230271043.
  30. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1823 ISBN 9783832956097
  31. "News". www.tuvaluislands.com. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  32. Müller, Beat. "Staat Vietnam (Südvietnam), 23. Oktober 1955 : Staatsform und Staatsoberhaupt -- [in German]". www.sudd.ch. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  33. "1950 Belgian monarchy referendum" (PDF).
  34. Folkeafstemning Søndag 7. Juni 2009 Danmarks Statistik
  35. "Denmark votes to change royal succession rules". Deutsche Welle. 2009-06-08. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  36. The Times, 16 February 1863, p. 6, col. A
  37. Finlay, George; Tozer, Henry Fanshawe (editor) (1877), A history of Greece, from its conquest by the Romans to the present time, B.C. 146 to A.D. 1864, vol. VII, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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